Gadermann, A. M. et al. Prevalence of DSM-IV major depression among U.S. Military personnel: Meta-analysis and simulation. Mil. Med. https://doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-12-00103 (2012).
Theriault, F. L. et al. Mental health service utilization in depressed Canadian armed forces personnel. Can. J. Psychiatry https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743718787792 (2019).
Richardson, L. K., Frueh, B. C. & Acierno, R. Prevalence estimates of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: Critical review. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry https://doi.org/10.3109/00048670903393597 (2010).
Fear, N. T. et al. What are the consequences of deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan on the mental health of the UK armed forces? A cohort study. Lancet https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60672-1 (2010).
Baker, T. B., McFall, R. M. & Shoham, V. Current status and future prospects of clinical psychology: Toward a scientifically principled approach to mental and behavioral health care. Psychol. Sci. Public. Interest https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01036.x (2008).
Knoll, A. T. & Carlezon, W. A. Jr. Dynorphin, stress, and depression. Brain Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.09.074 (2010).
Wiriyakijja, P. et al. Validation of the HADS and PSS-10 and a cross-sectional study of psychological status in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J. Oral Pathol. Med. https://doi.org/10.1111/jop.12991 (2020).
Fougeront, N. & Fleiter, B. Temporomandibular disorder and comorbid neck pain: Facts and hypotheses regarding pain-induced and rehabilitation-induced motor activity changes. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2018-0100 (2018).
van Selms, M. K., Lobbezoo, F., Visscher, C. M. & Naeije, M. Myofascial temporomandibular disorder pain, parafunctions and psychological stress. J. Oral Rehabil. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2007.01795.x (2008).
Vasiliou, A., Shankardass, K., Nisenbaum, R. & Quinonez, C. Current stress and poor oral health. BMC Oral Health https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-016-0284-y (2016).
Castro, M. M. L. et al. Association between psychological stress and periodontitis: A systematic review. Eur. J. Dent. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1693507 (2020).
Tikhonova, S. et al. Investigating the association between stress, saliva and dental caries: A scoping review. BMC Oral Health https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-018-0500-z (2018).
Ahmadi-Motamayel, F., Goodarzi, M. T., Mahdavinezhad, A., Jamshidi, Z. & Darvishi, M. Salivary and serum antioxidant and oxidative stress markers in dental caries. Caries Res. https://doi.org/10.1159/000488213 (2018).
Mejia-Rubalcava, C., Alanis-Tavira, J., Argueta-Figueroa, L. & Legorreta-Reyna, A. Academic stress as a risk factor for dental caries. Int. Dent. J. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595X.2011.00103.x (2012).
Selwitz, R. H., Ismail, A. I. & Pitts, N. B. Dental caries. Lancet https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60031-2 (2007).
Allen, A. P., Kennedy, P. J., Cryan, J. F., Dinan, T. G. & Clarke, G. Biological and psychological markers of stress in humans: Focus on the Trier Social Stress Test. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.11.005 (2014).
Petersen, P. E. & Ogawa, H. Strengthening the prevention of periodontal disease: The WHO approach. J. Periodontol. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2005.76.12.2187 (2005).
Peruzzo, D. C. et al. A systematic review of stress and psychological factors as possible risk factors for periodontal disease. J. Periodontol. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2007.060371 (2007).
Tsai, K. Z. et al. Comparisons of various anthropometric indexes with localized stage II/III periodontitis in young adults: The CHIEF oral health study. J. Periodontol. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.20-0275 (2021).
Lee, M. B. et al. Development and verification of validity and reliability of a short screening instrument to identify psychiatric morbidity. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 102, 687–694 (2003).
Lin, G. M. et al. Rationale and design of the cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in armed forces study in Eastern Taiwan. World J. Cardiol. 8, 464–471 (2016).
Lin, Y. P. et al. Psychological stress and long-term blood pressure variability of military young males: The cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in armed forces study. World J. Cardiol. 12, 626–633 (2020).
Lin, K. H. et al. Association of psychological stress with physical fitness in a military cohort: The CHIEF study. Mil. Med. 185, e1240–e1246 (2020).
Sun, Z. J. et al. A Preliminary assessment on implementability of “evidences-based guidelines on obesity prevention and management” for health promoting hospital accreditation. Health Prom. Res. Pract. 2, 1–14 (2019).
Lin, Y. K. et al. Obesity phenotypes and electrocardiographic characteristics in physically active males: CHIEF study. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 8, 738575 (2021).
Wang, S. H. et al. Metabolically healthy obesity and physical fitness in military males in the CHIEF study. Sci. Rep. 11, 9088 (2021).
Hamp, S. E., Nyman, S. & Lindhe, J. Periodontal treatment of multirooted teeth. Results after 5 years. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2, 126–135 (1975).
World Health Organization. Oral health surveys: basic methods. 5th edition. Online information available at https://www.nature.com/bdj/for-authors/preparation. Accessed March 2022.
Tonetti, M. S., Greenwell, H. & Kornman, K. S. Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J. Periodontol. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.18-0006 (2018).
Tsai, K. Z. et al. Dental caries and periodontitis and the risk of myopia in young adults: CHIEF oral health study. BMC Oral Health 22, 384 (2022).
Chen, H. C., Wu, C. H., Lee, Y. J., Liao, S. C. & Lee, M. B. Validity of the five-item brief symptom rating scale among subjects admitted for general health screening. J. Formos. Med. Assocs. 104, 824–829 (2005).
Lu, I. C., Yen Jean, M. C., Lei, S. M., Cheng, H. H. & Wang, J. D. BSRS-5 (5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale) scores affect every aspect of quality of life measured by WHOQOL-BREF in healthy workers. Qual. Life Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-011-9889-4 (2011).
Lin, D. Y., Psaty, B. M. & Kronmal, R. A. Assessing the sensitivity of regression results to unmeasured confounders in observational studies. Biometrics 54, 948–963 (1998).
Boyapati, L. & Wang, H. L. The role of stress in periodontal disease and wound healing. Periodontol. 2000 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2007.00211.x (2007).
Segerstrom, S. C. & Miller, G. E. Psychological stress and the human immune system: A meta-analytic study of 30 years of inquiry. Psychol. Bull. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.4.601 (2004).
Bosch, J. A. et al. Psychological stress as a determinant of protein levels and salivary-induced aggregation of Streptococcus gordonii in human whole saliva. Psychosom. Med. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199607000-00010 (1996).
Dumitrescu, A. L., Garneata, L. & Guzun, O. Anxiety, stress, depression, oral health status and behaviours in Romanian hemodialysis patients. Rom. J. Intern. Med. 47, 161–168 (2009).
Park, J. Y., You, J. S. & Chang, K. J. Dietary taurine intake, nutrients intake, dietary habits and life stress by depression in Korean female college students: A case-control study. J. Biomed. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1186/1423-0127-17-S1-S40 (2010).
Chouchene, F., Masmoudi, F., Baaziz, A., Maatouk, F. & Ghedira, H. Parental stress as a predictor of early childhood caries: A systematic review. Eur. Arch. Paediatr. Dent. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-020-00580-4 (2021).
Sato, Y., Saijo, Y. & Yoshioka, E. Work stress and oral conditions: A systematic review of observational studies. BMJ Open https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046532 (2021).
Marcenes, W. S. & Sheiham, A. The relationship between work stress and oral health status. Soc. Sci. Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(92)90054-t (1992).
Wennstrom, A., Boman, U. W., Ahlqwist, M., Bjorkelund, C. & Hakeberg, M. Perceived mental stress in relation to oral health over time in middle-aged Swedish women. Community Dent. Health 32, 241–246 (2015).
Baumgarten, A., Hilgert, J. B., Rech, R. S., Cunha-Cruz, J. & de Goulart, B. N. G. Caries experience in caregiver-intellectual deficient pair: Influence of caregiver’s psychological morbidity. Spec. Care Dent. https://doi.org/10.1111/scd.12617 (2021).
Suman, M., Spalj, S., Plancak, D., Dukic, W. & Juric, H. The influence of war on the oral health of professional soldiers. Int. Dent. J. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595x.2008.tb00178.x (2008).
Kishi, M. et al. Oral health-related quality of life and related factors among residents in a disaster area of the great east Japan earthquake and giant tsunami. Health Qual. Life Outcomes https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-015-0339-9 (2015).
