Association between FFQ and dietary biomarker-MDS and individual dietary biomarkers (as tertiles) and all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality in the InCHIANTI study. The Cox regression model included sex, age, BMI, education, smoking, physical activity, kidney failure, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cancer, dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and energy intake. FFQ food frequency questionnaire, dBMK dietary biomarker, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA docosahexaenoic acid, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids, SFA saturated fatty acids. The total number of deaths, 435; CVD deaths, 139; cancer deaths, 85. Resveratrol was classified into two groups: moderate users vs none or high users. Credit: DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02154-7
Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet, which had been evaluated through an index made with biomarkers during a 20-year scientific follow-up, is associated with lower mortality in adults over 65 years of age. This is one of the main conclusions of a study led by Cristina Andrés-Lacueva, head of the Nutritional and Food Biomarkers and Metabolomics Research Group of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences of the University of Barcelona (UB) and of the CIBER on Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), also formed by the Food Innovation Network of Catalonia (XIA).
The work, published in the journal BCM Medicine, has been carried out in collaboration with the National Institute on Aging (NIA) of the United States. According to the conclusions, the analysis of dietary biomarkers in plasma and urine can contribute to the individualized assessment of the diet of the elderly. The study is based on the InCHIANTI project, carried out in the Italian region of Tuscany, a study that has been carried out for 20 years in a total of 642 participants (56 percent women) over 65 years of age and that allowed the researchers Obtain comprehensive data on dietary biomarkers.
As stated by the UB professor Cristina Andrés-Lacueva, head of the research group at CIBERFES, “we developed an index of dietary biomarkers from food groups that are part of the Mediterranean diet, and we evaluated their association with mortality ”.
In the study, researchers chose baseline levels of the following dietary biomarkers in urine: total polyphenols and resveratrol metabolites (from grape intake) and present in plasma, plasma carotenoids, selenium, vitamin B12, fatty acids, and their proportion of monounsaturated and saturated. fatty acids. Using a predictive model, evaluated the associations of the Mediterranean diet index and the meal-Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) with mortality.
During the 20 years of follow-up, there were 425 deaths (139 from cardiovascular disease and 89 from cancer-related causes). Once the models were analyzed, the Mediterranean diet score using the biomarkers was inversely associated with all causes of death.
This study highlights the use of dietary biomarkers to improve nutritional assessment and guide personalized assessment for older people. As pointed out by the CIBERFES researcher at the UB Tomás Meroño, co-first author of the study, the researchers “confirm that adherence to the Mediterranean diet, assessed by a panel of dietary biomarkers, is inversely associated with long-term mortality in adults older, which supports the use of these biomarkers in follow-up evaluations to study the health benefits associated with the Mediterranean diet.”
Nicole Hidalgo-Liberona et al, Mediterranean Diet Adherence Assessed by a New Dietary Biomarker Score and Mortality in Older Adults: The InCHIANTI Cohort Study, BMC Medicine (2021). DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02154-7
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