Total knee replacement is an important medical procedure for people who suffer from severe knee pain or are unable to perform daily activities without pain. This surgery is mainly performed on patients suffering from arthritis or other serious knee problems. During this surgery, the damaged part of the knee is removed and replaced with a knee prosthesis. In this blog we Total knee replacement surgery We will learn in detail what surgery is, its causes, procedure and aftercare.
What is total knee replacement?
A type of total knee replacement Orthopedic There is a surgical procedure in which the damaged part of the knee is removed and an artificial joint is placed in its place. The knee normally consists of three main parts:
Femur: It’s your femur.
Tibia: It’s your Feet This is the lower bone.
Ball joint: What we call a kneecap.
When these parts of the knee Arthritis Or if there is damage due to other disorders, the knee does not work properly and the person feels unbearable pain. In surgery, these damaged parts are removed and replaced with artificial parts made of metal or plastic to help the knee function normally.
Why is a total knee replacement necessary?
Total knee replacement is usually performed in people with chronic knee pain that is not relieved by other treatments, such as medications, therapy, or injections. Some of the main reasons that indicate the need for this surgical procedure are:
- Osteoarthritis: This is the most common reason. As we age, the cartilage in the joints begins to break down, leading to bone They begin to rub against each other and cause pain, swelling and stiffness.
- Rheumatoid arthritis: It is an autoimmune disease in which Body The immune system mistakenly attacks the joints. This causes swelling, pain and damage to the knee.
- Serious knee injury: Sometimes serious knee injuries also require surgery. An injury can cause bone fractures or severely damaged joints, causing pain and instability may occur.
- Joint infection: Any type of infection can impair knee function, making knee replacement surgery necessary.
When might be the appropriate time for a total knee replacement?
The decision to have surgery is an important step and should be made carefully in conjunction with your doctor. If the following conditions occur, it may be time for surgery:
- Intense, persistent knee pain that is not relieved by medication and physiotherapy.
- Difficulty with daily activities such as walking, climbing stairs, or sitting.
- Knee pain or swelling even when resting.
- The condition of the knee does not improve even after all the treatments recommended by the doctor.
- Knee instability, making it difficult to stand or walk.
How are preparations for total knee replacement?
Preparation before a total knee replacement is very important. This helps make recovery after surgery quicker and more successful. Before surgery, the doctor performs some important examinations and tests, such as:
- Blood test and urine analysis: To check the general condition of the body and infection.
- X-rays and MRI: Understand the condition of the bones and cartilage of the knee.
- Anesthesia consultation: Anesthesia The specialist will meet with you to decide which anesthesia will be used during the surgical procedure: general anesthesia (numbing the whole body) or local anesthesia (numbing only the knee area).
- Preparation of medicines: Information is given about which medications can be taken and which should be stopped before surgery.
What is the total knee replacement procedure?
Total knee replacement is usually completed in 1 to 2 hours. The surgical procedure is as follows:
- Anesthesia: First, the patient is anesthetized so that he does not feel any pain during the operation.
- Incision: The surgeon makes an incision in the front of the knee, allowing access to the knee joint. Usually, this incision is 6 to 10 inches long.
- Removing the damaged part: The damaged parts of the femur, tibia and patella of the knee are removed.
- Artificial joint installation: After removing the damaged parts of the bones, artificial joints are placed in their place. These artificial joints can be made of metal or plastic and are firmly attached to the bones.
- End of surgical procedure: Once the artificial joint is inserted, the incision is stitched up and the knee is immobilized with a bandage.
What should be the care after surgery?
Postoperative care and rehabilitation are extremely important for the success of total knee replacement. With proper care, the patient will soon be able to return to normal life. Postoperative care includes the following steps:
- ICU care: Immediately after surgery, the patient is taken to the ICU (intensive care unit), so that their condition can be monitored.
- pain management: It is normal to have pain after surgery, which is why doctors prescribe painkillers or painkillers. Little by little, the pain subsides and the patient begins to return to normal activities.
- Physiotherapy: Physiotherapy is the most important procedure after surgery. This restores mobility and strength to the knee. Physiotherapists have the patient do light exercises, which increases knee flexibility and makes walking easier.
- Walking exercise: A few days after the surgery, the doctor advises the patient to walk. Initially, the help of a walker or crutches is required, but gradually the patient becomes able to walk without any support.
- wound care: It is very important to keep the surgical dressing on the knee clean and dry, to avoid any risk of infection. Doctors check the wound from time to time and take immediate action in case of complications.
What are the possible risks after surgery?
Every surgical procedure carries certain risks, and total knee replacement is no different. Although before the surgical procedure the doctor ensures that the patient’s condition is suitable for the procedure, some complications remain possible, such as:
- Infection: There is a risk of wound infection after surgery. For this, doctors administer antibiotics and advise regular cleaning of the wound.
- Bleeding: Bleeding in or around the knee may occur after surgery, which doctors try to control immediately.
- Blood clots: There is a risk of blood clots forming after total knee replacement, especially in the legs. For this, anticoagulant drugs are administered and the doctor advises the patient to move the legs from time to time and do light exercises.
- Release of the artificial joint: Sometimes the artificial joint may become detached after surgery, requiring further surgery. Although this problem is very rare.
Good Hospitals in India for Total Knee Replacement-
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi
- Fortis Escorts Heart Institute and Research Centre, Okhla, New Delhi
- Fortis Hospital, Shalimar Bagh, New Delhi
- Max Super Specialty Hospital, Saket, New Delhi
- Venkateshwar Hospital, Dwarka, New Delhi
- Manipal Hospital, Dwarka, New Delhi
- Medanta La Médicité, Gurugram
- Fortis Healthcare Limited, Gurugram
- Paras Hospital, Gurugram
- Fortis Hospital, Bannerghatta, Bangalore
- Apollo Hospital, Naga, Bangalore
- Aster CMI Hospital, Sahakar Nagar, Bangalore
conclusion:
Total knee replacement is an excellent option for people who suffer from severe knee pain and whose lives are affected by this pain. This surgery not only relieves knee pain but also allows the patient to perform daily activities independently. With proper care and rehabilitation, the patient can live a normal life and lead an active life after surgery.
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