Tourism boosts physical and mental well-being

!function (f, b, e, v, n, t, s) {
if (f.fbq) return; n = f.fbq = function () {
n.callMethod ?
n.callMethod.apply(n, arguments) : n.queue.push(arguments)
};
if (!f._fbq) f._fbq = n; n.push = n; n.loaded = !0; n.version = ‘2.0’;
n.queue = []; t = b.createElement(e); t.async = !0;
t.src = v; s = b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(t, s)
}(window, document, ‘script’,
‘https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js’);
fbq(‘init’, ‘739820399903214’);
fbq(‘track’, ‘PageView’);
{“props”:{“ads”:{“global”:{“category”:{“header”:{“script”:”src=”//run.crtx.info/track.min.js”” data-domain=”earth.com” id=”ADRIZER_JS”rnu003c!– Global site tag (gtag.js) – Google Analytics –u003ernu003cscript async src=”https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-53482295-3″u003eu003c/scriptu003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window.pg = window.pg || []; pg.acq = pg.acq || []; // build consent queuern pg.acq.push(function () {rn if (window.attachEvent) {rn window.attachEvent(“onload”, function () {rn var body = document.getElementsByTagName(‘body’)[0];rn var noscript = document.createElement(‘noscript’);rn var iframe = document.createElement(‘iframe’);rn iframe.setAttribute(‘src’, ‘https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KZMXMGW’);rn iframe.setAttribute(‘height’, ‘0’);rn iframe.setAttribute(‘width’, ‘0’);rn iframe.setAttribute(‘style’, “display:none;visibility:hidden”);rnrn noscript.appendChild(iframe);rnrn console.log(body)rn body.insertBefore(noscript, body.children[0]);rn });rn } else {rn document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’, function () {rn var body = document.getElementsByTagName(‘body’)[0];rn var noscript = document.createElement(‘noscript’);rn var iframe = document.createElement(‘iframe’);rn iframe.setAttribute(‘src’, ‘https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KZMXMGW’);rn iframe.setAttribute(‘height’, ‘0’);rn iframe.setAttribute(‘width’, ‘0’);rn iframe.setAttribute(‘style’, “display:none;visibility:hidden”);rnrn noscript.appendChild(iframe);rnrn body.insertBefore(noscript, body.children[0]);rn }, false);rn }rn });rnrnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscriptu003ern window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];rn function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); }rn gtag(‘js’, new Date());rnrn gtag(‘config’, ‘UA-53482295-3’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern if (window.attachEvent) {rn window.attachEvent(“onload”, function () {rn var body = document.getElementsByTagName(‘body’)[0];rn var noscript = document.createElement(‘noscript’);rn var iframe = document.createElement(‘iframe’);rn iframe.setAttribute(‘src’, ‘https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KZMXMGW’);rn iframe.setAttribute(‘height’, ‘0’);rn iframe.setAttribute(‘width’, ‘0’);rn iframe.setAttribute(‘style’, “display:none;visibility:hidden”);rnrn noscript.appendChild(iframe);rnrn console.log(body)rn body.insertBefore(noscript, body.children[0]);rn });rn } else {rn document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’, function () {rn var body = document.getElementsByTagName(‘body’)[0];rn var noscript = document.createElement(‘noscript’);rn var iframe = document.createElement(‘iframe’);rn iframe.setAttribute(‘src’, ‘https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KZMXMGW’);rn iframe.setAttribute(‘height’, ‘0’);rn iframe.setAttribute(‘width’, ‘0’);rn iframe.setAttribute(‘style’, “display:none;visibility:hidden”);rnrn noscript.appendChild(iframe);rnrn body.insertBefore(noscript, body.children[0]);rn }, false);rn }rnrnu003c/scriptu003ernu003cscriptu003ern window.assertive = {rn debug: true, // for dynamic debug see: https://suite.assertiveyield.com/docs/tracking-client#debug-modern entityId: “RvkSvSy8HBpzLkExm”,rn analytics: {rn sampleRate: 1, // 1 = all sessions are tracked, 0.5 = 50% of the sessions are tracked…rn custom: {rn // optional dimensions for custom data, they expect null or stringrn layout: null,rn userState: null,rn custom_1: null,rn custom_2: null,rn custom_3: null,rn custom_4: null,rn custom_5: null,rn custom_6: null,rn custom_7: null,rn custom_8: null,rn custom_9: null,rn },rn },rn predict: {rn enabled: true,rntttentityId: ‘RvkSvSy8HBpzLkExm’,rn },rn hash: {rn generator: “server”,rn values: 5000,rn key: function() {rn return [localStorage.getItem(“ay_utm_s”)].join(“|”);rn },rn },rn };rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003cscript src=”https://RvkSvSy8HBpzLkExm.ay.delivery/client-v2.js” asyncu003eu003c/scriptu003ernu003cscriptu003ern addEventListener(‘assertive_predictedRevenue’, function(e) {rn if (typeof fbq === undefined) return;rn var transactionId = e.data.meta.impressionUUID;rn fbq(‘track’, ‘Purchase’, {rn currency: “USD”,rn value: e.data.predictedRevenueCPM.impression,rn transactionId: transactionIdrn }); rn fbq(‘trackCustom’, ‘VV’, {rn currency: “USD”,rn value: e.data.predictedRevenueCPM.session / 1000,rn transactionId: transactionIdrn });rn }, false);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– Google Tag Manager –u003ernu003cscriptu003e(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({‘gtm.start’:rnnew Date().getTime(),event:’gtm.js’});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],rnj=d.createElement(s),dl=l!=’dataLayer’?’u0026l=”+l:”‘;j.async=true;j.src=rn’https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=’+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);rn})(window,document,’script’,’dataLayer’,’GTM-KZMXMGW’);u003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End Google Tag Manager –u003ernu003c!– Facebook Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscriptu003ern !function (f, b, e, v, n, t, s) {rn if (f.fbq) return; n = f.fbq = function () {rn n.callMethod ?rn n.callMethod.apply(n, arguments) : n.queue.push(arguments)rn };rn if (!f._fbq) f._fbq = n; n.push = n; n.loaded = !0; n.version = ‘2.0’;rn n.queue = []; t = b.createElement(e); t.async = !0;rn t.src = v; s = b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];rn s.parentNode.insertBefore(t, s)rn }(window, document, ‘script’,rn ‘https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js’);rn fbq(‘init’, ‘739820399903214’);rn fbq(‘track’, ‘PageView’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003cnoscriptu003ern u003cimg height=”1″ width=”1″ src=”https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=739820399903214u0026ev=PageViewrnu0026noscript=1″ /u003ernu003c/noscriptu003ernu003c!– End Facebook Pixel Code –u003ernu003c!– Global site tag (gtag.js) – Google Ads: 782118155 –u003ernu003cscript async src=”https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=AW-782118155″u003eu003c/scriptu003ernu003cscriptu003ern window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];rn function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}rn gtag(‘js’, new Date());rnrn gtag(‘config’, ‘AW-782118155’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– Event snippet for Website traffic conversion page –u003ernu003cscriptu003ern gtag(‘event’, ‘conversion’, {‘send_to’: ‘AW-782118155/XMJKCM2smucBEIva-PQC’});rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ernfunction e(e){var t=!(arguments.lengthu003e1u0026u0026void 0!==arguments[1])||arguments[1],c=document.createElement(“script”);c.src=e,t?c.type=”module”:(c.async=!0,c.type=”text/javascript”,c.setAttribute(“nomodule”,””));var n=document.getElementsByTagName(“script”)[0];n.parentNode.insertBefore(c,n)}function t(t,c,n){var a,o,r;null!==(a=t.marfeel)u0026u0026void 0!==a||(t.marfeel={}),null!==(o=(r=t.marfeel).cmd)u0026u0026void 0!==o||(r.cmd=[]),t.marfeel.config=n,t.marfeel.config.accountId=c;var i=”https://sdk.mrf.io/statics”;e(“”.concat(i,”/marfeel-sdk.js?id=”).concat(c),!0),e(“”.concat(i,”/marfeel-sdk.es5.js?id=”).concat(c),!1)}!function(e,c){var n=arguments.lengthu003e2u0026u0026void 0!==arguments[2]?arguments[2]:{};t(e,c,n)}(window,302 /*accountId*/,{} /*config*/);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003cscript async src=”https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7821447371451764″rn crossorigin=”anonymous”u003eu003c/scriptu003ernu003cscriptu003ern window.teads_analytics = window.teads_analytics || {};rn window.teads_analytics.analytics_tag_id = “PUB_14901″;rn window.teads_analytics.share = window.teads_analytics.share || function() {rn ;(window.teads_analytics.shared_data = window.teads_analytics.shared_data || []).push(arguments)rn };rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003cscript async src=”https://a.teads.tv/analytics/tag.js”u003eu003c/scriptu003e”}}},”home”:{“category”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003cmeta name=”google-site-verification” content=”RBD8cTn0oeDOkXysFhZS3MFkeAN98Sm88j5AayjvUk8″ /u003ernu003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”interstitial-1″:””,”interstitial-2″:””,”interstitial-3″:””,”sidebar”:””,”sidebar-2″:””}},”headlines”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”sidebar”:””,”sidebar-2″:””,”sidebar-3″:””},”news”:{“category”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”sidebar”:””,”sidebar-2″:””},”article”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”sidebar”:””,”sidebar_middle”:””,”sidebar_bottom”:””}},”infinite”:{“category”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”interstitial”:””,”interstitial-2″:””,”sidebar”:””,”sidebar-2″:””}},”video”:{“main”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”sidebar”:””,”sidebar-2″:””},”category”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”sidebar”:””},”article”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”sidebar_top”:””,”sidebar_middle”:””,”sidebar_bottom”:””}},”image”:{“main”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”sidebar”:””,”sidebar-2″:””},”article”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”sidebar_top”:””,”sidebar_middle”:””,”sidebar_bottom”:””}},”gallery”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”sidebar”:””,”article”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”sidebar”:””,”sidebar-2″:””}},”image_gallery_infinite”:{“header”:{“script”:”rnrn”,”ad”:””},”interstitial”:””,”interstitial-2″:””,”left-sidebar”:””,”right-sidebar”:””},”earthpedia-main”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”sidebar”:””,”sidebar-2″:””,”sidebar-3″:””,”sidebar-4″:””},”earthpedia-articles”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”sidebar”:””,”sidebar-2″:””,”sidebar-3″:””},”earthpedia-category”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”sidebar”:””,”sidebar-2″:””},”earthpedia-article”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”sidebar”:””,”sidebar-2″:””},”plant”:{“category”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”sidebar”:””,”sidebar-2″:””}},”animal”:{“category”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”sidebar”:””,”sidebar-2″:””}},”endangered-species”:{“category”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:”u003cscript async src=”https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7821447371451764″rn crossorigin=”anonymous”u003eu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– Earth.com billboard header ad –u003ernu003cins class=”adsbygoogle”rn style=”display:block”rn data-ad-client=”ca-pub-7821447371451764″rn data-ad-slot=”7255713531″rn data-ad-format=”auto”rn data-full-width-responsive=”true”u003eu003c/insu003ernu003cscriptu003ern rnu003c/scriptu003e”},”sidebar”:”u003cscript async src=”https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7821447371451764″rn crossorigin=”anonymous”u003eu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– Earth.com 300×250 –u003ernu003cins class=”adsbygoogle”rn style=”display:block”rn data-ad-client=”ca-pub-7821447371451764″rn data-ad-slot=”2025429976″rn data-ad-format=”auto”rn data-full-width-responsive=”true”u003eu003c/insu003ernu003cscriptu003ern rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”sidebar-2″:”u003cscript async src=”https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7821447371451764″rn crossorigin=”anonymous”u003eu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– Earth.com 300×250 –u003ernu003cins class=”adsbygoogle”rn style=”display:block”rn data-ad-client=”ca-pub-7821447371451764″rn data-ad-slot=”2025429976″rn data-ad-format=”auto”rn data-full-width-responsive=”true”u003eu003c/insu003ernu003cscriptu003ern rnu003c/scriptu003e”},”article”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003c!– Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript type=”text/javascript”u003ern window._tfa = window._tfa || [];rn window._tfa.push({notify: ‘event’, name: ‘page_view’, id: 1356009});rn !function (t, f, a, x) {rn if (!document.getElementById(x)) {rn t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, f);rn }rn }(document.createElement(‘script’),rn document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0],rn ‘//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/unip/1356009/tfa.js’,rn ‘tb_tfa_script’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– End of Taboola Pixel Code –u003ernu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ‘0088bf958a55ab96eee2ad87d7a2a403af’;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernrnu003cscript data-obct type = “text/javascript”u003ern /** DO NOT MODIFY THIS CODE**/rn !function(_window, _document) {rn var OB_ADV_ID = ’00f252b1a014b0a30dac49c6831a52a653′;rn if (_window.obApi) {rn var toArray = function(object) {rn return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === ‘[object Array]’ ? object : [object];rn };rn _window.obApi.marketerId = toArray(_window.obApi.marketerId).concat(toArray(OB_ADV_ID));rn return;rn }rn var api = _window.obApi = function() {rn api.dispatch ? api.dispatch.apply(api, arguments) : api.queue.push(arguments);rn };rn api.version = ‘1.1’;rn api.loaded = true;rn api.marketerId = OB_ADV_ID;rn api.queue = [];rn var tag = _document.createElement(‘script’);rn tag.async = true;rn tag.src=”https://amplify.outbrain.com/cp/obtp.js”;rn tag.type=”text/javascript”;rn var script = _document.getElementsByTagName(‘script’)[0];rn script.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, script);rn }(window, document);rnrn obApi(‘track’, ‘PAGE_VIEW’);rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:”u003cscript async src=”https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7821447371451764″rn crossorigin=”anonymous”u003eu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– Earth.com billboard header ad –u003ernu003cins class=”adsbygoogle”rn style=”display:block”rn data-ad-client=”ca-pub-7821447371451764″rn data-ad-slot=”7255713531″rn data-ad-format=”auto”rn data-full-width-responsive=”true”u003eu003c/insu003ernu003cscriptu003ern rnu003c/scriptu003e”},”sidebar-top”:”u003cscript async src=”https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7821447371451764″rn crossorigin=”anonymous”u003eu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– Earth.com 300×250 –u003ernu003cins class=”adsbygoogle”rn style=”display:block”rn data-ad-client=”ca-pub-7821447371451764″rn data-ad-slot=”2025429976″rn data-ad-format=”auto”rn data-full-width-responsive=”true”u003eu003c/insu003ernu003cscriptu003ern rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”sidebar-middle”:”u003cscript async src=”https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7821447371451764″rn crossorigin=”anonymous”u003eu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– Earth.com 300×250 –u003ernu003cins class=”adsbygoogle”rn style=”display:block”rn data-ad-client=”ca-pub-7821447371451764″rn data-ad-slot=”2025429976″rn data-ad-format=”auto”rn data-full-width-responsive=”true”u003eu003c/insu003ernu003cscriptu003ern rnu003c/scriptu003e”,”sidebar-bottom”:”u003cscript async src=”https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7821447371451764″rn crossorigin=”anonymous”u003eu003c/scriptu003ernu003c!– Earth.com 300×250 –u003ernu003cins class=”adsbygoogle”rn style=”display:block”rn data-ad-client=”ca-pub-7821447371451764″rn data-ad-slot=”2025429976″rn data-ad-format=”auto”rn data-full-width-responsive=”true”u003eu003c/insu003ernu003cscriptu003ern rnu003c/scriptu003e”}},”playground”:{“article”:{“header”:{“script”:”u003cscriptu003ernwindow.pg = window.pg || {};rnpg.disabledUnits = pg.disabledUnits || [];rnpg.disabledUnits.push(‘/48037644/Earth_Anchor’);rnpg.disabledUnits.push(‘/48037644/Earth_Anchor_Mobile’);rnu003c/scriptu003ernu003cscript src=”//m2d.m2.ai/pg.earth.js” asyncu003e u003c/scriptu003e”,”ad”:””},”sidebar”:””,”sidebar_middle”:””,”sidebar_bottom”:””}}},”prebid”:{“wrapper”:”earth-default”,”layout”:{“name”:”news/control”,”postType”:”news”,”version”:”control”},”ads”:{“DESKTOP_BILLBOARD”:{“id”:”pb-slot-desktop-billboard”,”style”:{“minWidth”:728,”minHeight”:90}},”DESKTOP_INCONTENT_1″:{“id”:”pb-slot-desktop-incontent-1″,”style”:{“minWidth”:728,”minHeight”:90}},”DESKTOP_INCONTENT_2″:{“id”:”pb-slot-desktop-incontent-2″,”style”:{“minWidth”:728,”minHeight”:90}},”DESKTOP_INCONTENT_3″:{“id”:”pb-slot-desktop-incontent-3″,”style”:{“minWidth”:728,”minHeight”:90}},”DESKTOP_INCONTENT_4″:{“id”:”pb-slot-desktop-incontent-4″,”style”:{“minWidth”:728,”minHeight”:90}},”DESKTOP_INCONTENT_5″:{“id”:”pb-slot-desktop-incontent-5″,”style”:{“minWidth”:728,”minHeight”:90}},”DESKTOP_INCONTENT_6″:{“id”:”pb-slot-desktop-incontent-6″,”style”:{“minWidth”:728,”minHeight”:90}},”DESKTOP_SIDEBAR_1″:{“id”:”pb-slot-desktop-sidebar-1″,”style”:{“minWidth”:300,”minHeight”:250}},”DESKTOP_SIDEBAR_2″:{“id”:”pb-slot-desktop-sidebar-2″,”style”:{“minWidth”:300,”minHeight”:250}},”DESKTOP_SIDEBAR_3″:{“id”:”pb-slot-desktop-sidebar-3″,”style”:{“minWidth”:300,”minHeight”:250}},”DESKTOP_SIDEBAR_4″:{“id”:”pb-slot-desktop-sidebar-4″,”style”:{“minWidth”:300,”minHeight”:250}},”DESKTOP_TOPLEADERBOARD”:{“id”:”pb-slot-desktop-topleaderboard”,”style”:{“minWidth”:728,”minHeight”:90}},”DESKTOP_ANCHOR”:{“id”:”pb-slot-desktop-anchor”,”style”:{“minWidth”:728,”minHeight”:90}},”MOBILE_BILLBOARD”:{“id”:”pb-slot-mobile-billboard”,”style”:{“minWidth”:320,”minHeight”:50}},”MOBILE_INCONTENT_1″:{“id”:”pb-slot-mobile-incontent-1″,”style”:{“minWidth”:300,”minHeight”:250}},”MOBILE_INCONTENT_2″:{“id”:”pb-slot-mobile-incontent-2″,”style”:{“minWidth”:300,”minHeight”:250}},”MOBILE_INCONTENT_3″:{“id”:”pb-slot-mobile-incontent-3″,”style”:{“minWidth”:300,”minHeight”:250}},”MOBILE_INCONTENT_4″:{“id”:”pb-slot-mobile-incontent-4″,”style”:{“minWidth”:300,”minHeight”:250}},”MOBILE_INCONTENT_5″:{“id”:”pb-slot-mobile-incontent-5″,”style”:{“minWidth”:300,”minHeight”:250}},”MOBILE_INCONTENT_6″:{“id”:”pb-slot-mobile-incontent-6″,”style”:{“minWidth”:300,”minHeight”:250}},”MOBILE_TOPLEADERBOARD”:{“id”:”pb-slot-mobile-topleaderboard”,”style”:{“minWidth”:300,”minHeight”:250}},”MOBILE_ANCHOR”:{“id”:”pb-slot-mobile-anchor”,”style”:{“minWidth”:320,”minHeight”:50}}}},”seo”:{“html”:”u003c!– This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v17.0 (Yoast SEO v17.0) – https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ –u003enu003ctitleu003eTourism boosts physical and mental well-being u0026bull; Earth.comu003c/titleu003enu003cmeta name=”description” content=”In a new paper from Edith Cowan University (ECU), experts propose that we should rethink the way we view the tourism industry” /u003enu003cmeta name=”robots” content=”index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1″ /u003enu003cmeta property=”og:locale” content=”en_US” /u003enu003cmeta property=”og:type” content=”article” /u003enu003cmeta property=”og:title” content=”Tourism boosts physical and mental well-being” /u003enu003cmeta property=”og:description” content=”Tourism boosts physical and mental well-being u0026bull; Earth.com” /u003enu003cmeta property=”og:url” content=”https://www.earth.com/news/tourism-boosts-physical-and-mental-well-being/” /u003enu003cmeta property=”og:site_name” content=”Earth.com” /u003enu003cmeta property=”article:publisher” content=”https://www.facebook.com/earth.com/” /u003enu003cmeta property=”article:modified_time” content=”2022-06-23T17:19:47+00:00″ /u003enu003cmeta property=”og:image” content=”https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/23111720/Tourism-scaled.jpg” /u003entu003cmeta property=”og:image:width” content=”2560″ /u003entu003cmeta property=”og:image:height” content=”1767″ /u003enu003cmeta name=”twitter:card” content=”summary” /u003enu003cmeta name=”twitter:site” content=”@earthdotcom” /u003enu003cmeta name=”twitter:label1″ content=”Est. reading time” /u003entu003cmeta name=”twitter:data1″ content=”2 minutes” /u003enu003cscript type=”application/ld+json” class=”yoast-schema-graph”u003e{“@context”:”https://schema.org”,”@graph”:[{“@type”:”WebSite”,”@id”:”https://www.earth.com/#website”,”url”:”https://www.earth.com/”,”name”:”Earth.com”,”description”:”Nature * Science * Life”,”potentialAction”:[{“@type”:”SearchAction”,”target”:{“@type”:”EntryPoint”,”urlTemplate”:”https://www.earth.com/?s={search_term_string}”},”query-input”:”required name=search_term_string”}],”inLanguage”:”en-US”},{“@type”:”ImageObject”,”@id”:”https://www.earth.com/news/tourism-boosts-physical-and-mental-well-being/#primaryimage”,”inLanguage”:”en-US”,”url”:”https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/23111720/Tourism-scaled.jpg”,”contentUrl”:”https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/23111720/Tourism-scaled.jpg”,”width”:2560,”height”:1767,”caption”:”In a new paper from Edith Cowan University (ECU), experts propose that we should rethink the way we view the tourism industry”},{“@type”:”WebPage”,”@id”:”https://www.earth.com/news/tourism-boosts-physical-and-mental-well-being/#webpage”,”url”:”https://www.earth.com/news/tourism-boosts-physical-and-mental-well-being/”,”name”:”Tourism boosts physical and mental well-being u0026bull; Earth.com”,”isPartOf”:{“@id”:”https://www.earth.com/#website”},”primaryImageOfPage”:{“@id”:”https://www.earth.com/news/tourism-boosts-physical-and-mental-well-being/#primaryimage”},”datePublished”:”2022-06-23T17:00:00+00:00″,”dateModified”:”2022-06-23T17:19:47+00:00″,”description”:”In a new paper from Edith Cowan University (ECU), experts propose that we should rethink the way we view the tourism industry”,”breadcrumb”:{“@id”:”https://www.earth.com/news/tourism-boosts-physical-and-mental-well-being/#breadcrumb”},”inLanguage”:”en-US”,”potentialAction”:[{“@type”:”ReadAction”,”target”:[“https://www.earth.com/news/tourism-boosts-physical-and-mental-well-being/”]}]},{“@type”:”BreadcrumbList”,”@id”:”https://www.earth.com/news/tourism-boosts-physical-and-mental-well-being/#breadcrumb”,”itemListElement”:[{“@type”:”ListItem”,”position”:1,”name”:”Home”,”item”:”https://www.earth.com/”},{“@type”:”ListItem”,”position”:2,”name”:”News”,”item”:”https://www.earth.com/news/”},{“@type”:”ListItem”,”position”:3,”name”:”Tourism boosts physical and mental well-being”}]},{“@type”:[“Article”,”NewsArticle”],”@id”:”https://www.earth.com/news/tourism-boosts-physical-and-mental-well-being/#article”,”isPartOf”:{“@id”:”https://www.earth.com/news/tourism-boosts-physical-and-mental-well-being/#webpage”},”author”:{“@id”:”https://www.earth.com/#/schema/person/ffd32af5b0453f9d7a1b55fcf07dd73d”},”headline”:”Tourism boosts physical and mental well-being”,”datePublished”:”2022-06-23T17:00:00+00:00″,”dateModified”:”2022-06-23T17:19:47+00:00″,”mainEntityOfPage”:{“@id”:”https://www.earth.com/news/tourism-boosts-physical-and-mental-well-being/#webpage”},”wordCount”:459,”image”:{“@id”:”https://www.earth.com/news/tourism-boosts-physical-and-mental-well-being/#primaryimage”},”thumbnailUrl”:”https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/23111720/Tourism-scaled.jpg”,”inLanguage”:”en-US”,”copyrightYear”:”2022″,”copyrightHolder”:{“@id”:”https://www.earth.com/#organization”}},{“@type”:”Person”,”@id”:”https://www.earth.com/#/schema/person/ffd32af5b0453f9d7a1b55fcf07dd73d”,”name”:”Chrissy Sexton”,”image”:{“@type”:”ImageObject”,”@id”:”https://www.earth.com/#personlogo”,”inLanguage”:”en-US”,”url”:”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99e13e72878f1ac7d5eab2e249235cca?s=96u0026d=mmu0026r=g”,”contentUrl”:”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99e13e72878f1ac7d5eab2e249235cca?s=96u0026d=mmu0026r=g”,”caption”:”Chrissy Sexton”},”url”:”https://www.earth.com/author/chrissy-sexton/”}]}u003c/scriptu003enu003c!– / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. –u003e”},”__N_SSP”:true,”pageProps”:{“article”:{“post”:{“ID”:1909601,”post_author”:”13″,”post_date”:”2022-06-23 11:00:00″,”post_date_gmt”:”2022-06-23 17:00:00″,”post_content”:”nu003cpu003eIn a new paper from u003ca href=”https://www.ecu.edu.au/”u003eEdith Cowan Universityu003c/au003e (ECU), experts propose that we should rethink the way we view the tourism industry. The researchers say that traveling is not just a recreational experience, but also a potential therapy that can provide real u003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/news/heart-failure-is-influenced-by-gut-health/”u003ehealthu003c/au003e benefits.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003ennnnu003cpu003eThe study was a collaboration between experts in ECU’s Centre for Precision Health and School of Business and Law. The researchers identified many aspects of vacationing that could have a positive impact on people with mental health issues or cognitive disorders. In particular, the researchers investigated how tourism could benefit people with dementia. u003c/pu003ennnnu003cpu003e“Medical experts can recommend dementia treatments such as music therapy, exercise, cognitive stimulation, reminiscence therapy, sensory stimulation and adaptations to a patientu0026#8217;s mealtimes and environment,” said Dr. Wen. “These are all also often found when on holidays.u0026#8221;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003eu003cdiv class=”PrebidAdSlot_prebidIncontentSlot__2XOy7 PrebidAdSlot_desktopAd__HjuWa” data-reactroot=””u003eu003cdiv id=”pb-slot-desktop-incontent-1-para-inj-0″ class=”pb-slot ” data-parent-div-id=”pb-slot-desktop-incontent-1″ style=”min-width:728px;min-height:90px”u003eu003c/divu003eu003cscriptu003en (function() {n const observerConfig = {n rootMargin: ‘1200px 0px 1200px 0px’,n threshold: 0n }n const observer = new IntersectionObserver(entries =u003e {n entries.forEach(entry =u003e {n if (entry u0026u0026n entry.isIntersecting u0026u0026n entry.intersectionRatio u003e 0) { // in viewn window.tude = window.tude || { cmd: [] };n window.tude.cmd.push(function() {n tude.refreshAdsViaDivMappings([n { divId: ‘pb-slot-desktop-incontent-1-para-inj-0’, baseDivId: ‘pb-slot-desktop-incontent-1’ }n ]);n observer.unobserve(entry.target);n });n }n });n }, observerConfig);n const div = document.getElementById(‘pb-slot-desktop-incontent-1-para-inj-0’);n if (div) {n observer.observe(div);n }n }());n u003c/scriptu003eu003c/divu003eu003cdiv class=”PrebidAdSlot_prebidIncontentSlot__2XOy7 PrebidAdSlot_mobileAd__JpW4z” data-reactroot=””u003eu003cdiv id=”pb-slot-mobile-incontent-1-para-inj-0″ class=”pb-slot ” data-parent-div-id=”pb-slot-mobile-incontent-1″ style=”min-width:300px;min-height:250px”u003eu003c/divu003eu003cscriptu003en (function() {n const observerConfig = {n rootMargin: ‘1200px 0px 1200px 0px’,n threshold: 0n }n const observer = new IntersectionObserver(entries =u003e {n entries.forEach(entry =u003e {n if (entry u0026u0026n entry.isIntersecting u0026u0026n entry.intersectionRatio u003e 0) { // in viewn window.tude = window.tude || { cmd: [] };n window.tude.cmd.push(function() {n tude.refreshAdsViaDivMappings([n { divId: ‘pb-slot-mobile-incontent-1-para-inj-0’, baseDivId: ‘pb-slot-mobile-incontent-1’ }n ]);n observer.unobserve(entry.target);n });n }n });n }, observerConfig);n const div = document.getElementById(‘pb-slot-mobile-incontent-1-para-inj-0’);n if (div) {n observer.observe(div);n }n }());n u003c/scriptu003eu003c/divu003ennnnu003cpu003e“This research is among the first to conceptually discuss how these tourism experiences could potentially work as dementia interventions.”u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003ennnnu003cpu003eDr. Wen noted that the varied nature of tourism means there are many opportunities to incorporate treatments for conditions like dementia. For example, new experiences and environments provide cognitive and sensory stimulation.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003ennnnu003cpu003e“Exercise has been linked to mental well-being and traveling often involves enhanced physical activity, such as more walking,” explained Dr. Wen. “Mealtimes are often different on holiday: they’re usually more social affairs with multiple people and family-style meals have been found to positively influence dementia patients’ eating behavior.u0026#8221;u003c/pu003eu003cdiv class=”PrebidAdSlot_prebidIncontentSlot__2XOy7 PrebidAdSlot_desktopAd__HjuWa” data-reactroot=””u003eu003cdiv id=”pb-slot-desktop-incontent-2-para-inj-1″ class=”pb-slot ” data-parent-div-id=”pb-slot-desktop-incontent-2″ style=”min-width:728px;min-height:90px”u003eu003c/divu003eu003cscriptu003en (function() {n const observerConfig = {n rootMargin: ‘1200px 0px 1200px 0px’,n threshold: 0n }n const observer = new IntersectionObserver(entries =u003e {n entries.forEach(entry =u003e {n if (entry u0026u0026n entry.isIntersecting u0026u0026n entry.intersectionRatio u003e 0) { // in viewn window.tude = window.tude || { cmd: [] };n window.tude.cmd.push(function() {n tude.refreshAdsViaDivMappings([n { divId: ‘pb-slot-desktop-incontent-2-para-inj-1’, baseDivId: ‘pb-slot-desktop-incontent-2’ }n ]);n observer.unobserve(entry.target);n });n }n });n }, observerConfig);n const div = document.getElementById(‘pb-slot-desktop-incontent-2-para-inj-1’);n if (div) {n observer.observe(div);n }n }());n u003c/scriptu003eu003c/divu003eu003cdiv class=”PrebidAdSlot_prebidIncontentSlot__2XOy7 PrebidAdSlot_mobileAd__JpW4z” data-reactroot=””u003eu003cdiv id=”pb-slot-mobile-incontent-2-para-inj-1″ class=”pb-slot ” data-parent-div-id=”pb-slot-mobile-incontent-2″ style=”min-width:300px;min-height:250px”u003eu003c/divu003eu003cscriptu003en (function() {n const observerConfig = {n rootMargin: ‘1200px 0px 1200px 0px’,n threshold: 0n }n const observer = new IntersectionObserver(entries =u003e {n entries.forEach(entry =u003e {n if (entry u0026u0026n entry.isIntersecting u0026u0026n entry.intersectionRatio u003e 0) { // in viewn window.tude = window.tude || { cmd: [] };n window.tude.cmd.push(function() {n tude.refreshAdsViaDivMappings([n { divId: ‘pb-slot-mobile-incontent-2-para-inj-1’, baseDivId: ‘pb-slot-mobile-incontent-2’ }n ]);n observer.unobserve(entry.target);n });n }n });n }, observerConfig);n const div = document.getElementById(‘pb-slot-mobile-incontent-2-para-inj-1’);n if (div) {n observer.observe(div);n }n }());n u003c/scriptu003eu003c/divu003ennnnu003cpu003e“And then there’s the basics like fresh air and sunshine increasing vitamin D and serotonin levels. Everything that comes together to represent a holistic tourism experience, makes it easy to see how patients with dementia may benefit from tourism as an intervention.”u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003ennnnu003cpu003eIn recent years, the impact of Covid-19 on travel had raised questions about tourism’s value beyond lifestyle and economic factors, said Dr. Wen.u003c/pu003ennnnu003cpu003e“Tourism has been found to boost physical and psychological well-being. So, after COVID, it’s a good time to identify tourism’s place in public health u0026#8211; and not just for healthy tourists, but vulnerable groups.”u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003eu003cdiv class=”PrebidAdSlot_prebidIncontentSlot__2XOy7 PrebidAdSlot_desktopAd__HjuWa” data-reactroot=””u003eu003cdiv id=”pb-slot-desktop-incontent-3-para-inj-2″ class=”pb-slot ” data-parent-div-id=”pb-slot-desktop-incontent-3″ style=”min-width:728px;min-height:90px”u003eu003c/divu003eu003cscriptu003en (function() {n const observerConfig = {n rootMargin: ‘1200px 0px 1200px 0px’,n threshold: 0n }n const observer = new IntersectionObserver(entries =u003e {n entries.forEach(entry =u003e {n if (entry u0026u0026n entry.isIntersecting u0026u0026n entry.intersectionRatio u003e 0) { // in viewn window.tude = window.tude || { cmd: [] };n window.tude.cmd.push(function() {n tude.refreshAdsViaDivMappings([n { divId: ‘pb-slot-desktop-incontent-3-para-inj-2’, baseDivId: ‘pb-slot-desktop-incontent-3’ }n ]);n observer.unobserve(entry.target);n });n }n });n }, observerConfig);n const div = document.getElementById(‘pb-slot-desktop-incontent-3-para-inj-2’);n if (div) {n observer.observe(div);n }n }());n u003c/scriptu003eu003c/divu003eu003cdiv class=”PrebidAdSlot_prebidIncontentSlot__2XOy7 PrebidAdSlot_mobileAd__JpW4z” data-reactroot=””u003eu003cdiv id=”pb-slot-mobile-incontent-3-para-inj-2″ class=”pb-slot ” data-parent-div-id=”pb-slot-mobile-incontent-3″ style=”min-width:300px;min-height:250px”u003eu003c/divu003eu003cscriptu003en (function() {n const observerConfig = {n rootMargin: ‘1200px 0px 1200px 0px’,n threshold: 0n }n const observer = new IntersectionObserver(entries =u003e {n entries.forEach(entry =u003e {n if (entry u0026u0026n entry.isIntersecting u0026u0026n entry.intersectionRatio u003e 0) { // in viewn window.tude = window.tude || { cmd: [] };n window.tude.cmd.push(function() {n tude.refreshAdsViaDivMappings([n { divId: ‘pb-slot-mobile-incontent-3-para-inj-2’, baseDivId: ‘pb-slot-mobile-incontent-3’ }n ]);n observer.unobserve(entry.target);n });n }n });n }, observerConfig);n const div = document.getElementById(‘pb-slot-mobile-incontent-3-para-inj-2’);n if (div) {n observer.observe(div);n }n }());n u003c/scriptu003eu003c/divu003ennnnu003cpu003eDr. Wen said he hopes a new line of collaborative research could begin to examine how vacationing can enhance the lives of people with various conditions.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003ennnnu003cpu003e“We’re trying to do something new in bridging tourism and health science. There will have to be more empirical research and evidence to see if tourism can become one of the medical interventions for different diseases like dementia or depression.u0026#8221;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003ennnnu003cpu003e“So, tourism is not just about traveling and having fun; we need to rethink the role tourism plays in modern society.”u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003eu003cdiv class=”PrebidAdSlot_prebidIncontentSlot__2XOy7 PrebidAdSlot_desktopAd__HjuWa” data-reactroot=””u003eu003cdiv id=”pb-slot-desktop-incontent-4-para-inj-3″ class=”pb-slot ” data-parent-div-id=”pb-slot-desktop-incontent-4″ style=”min-width:728px;min-height:90px”u003eu003c/divu003eu003cscriptu003en (function() {n const observerConfig = {n rootMargin: ‘1200px 0px 1200px 0px’,n threshold: 0n }n const observer = new IntersectionObserver(entries =u003e {n entries.forEach(entry =u003e {n if (entry u0026u0026n entry.isIntersecting u0026u0026n entry.intersectionRatio u003e 0) { // in viewn window.tude = window.tude || { cmd: [] };n window.tude.cmd.push(function() {n tude.refreshAdsViaDivMappings([n { divId: ‘pb-slot-desktop-incontent-4-para-inj-3’, baseDivId: ‘pb-slot-desktop-incontent-4’ }n ]);n observer.unobserve(entry.target);n });n }n });n }, observerConfig);n const div = document.getElementById(‘pb-slot-desktop-incontent-4-para-inj-3’);n if (div) {n observer.observe(div);n }n }());n u003c/scriptu003eu003c/divu003eu003cdiv class=”PrebidAdSlot_prebidIncontentSlot__2XOy7 PrebidAdSlot_mobileAd__JpW4z” data-reactroot=””u003eu003cdiv id=”pb-slot-mobile-incontent-4-para-inj-3″ class=”pb-slot ” data-parent-div-id=”pb-slot-mobile-incontent-4″ style=”min-width:300px;min-height:250px”u003eu003c/divu003eu003cscriptu003en (function() {n const observerConfig = {n rootMargin: ‘1200px 0px 1200px 0px’,n threshold: 0n }n const observer = new IntersectionObserver(entries =u003e {n entries.forEach(entry =u003e {n if (entry u0026u0026n entry.isIntersecting u0026u0026n entry.intersectionRatio u003e 0) { // in viewn window.tude = window.tude || { cmd: [] };n window.tude.cmd.push(function() {n tude.refreshAdsViaDivMappings([n { divId: ‘pb-slot-mobile-incontent-4-para-inj-3’, baseDivId: ‘pb-slot-mobile-incontent-4’ }n ]);n observer.unobserve(entry.target);n });n }n });n }, observerConfig);n const div = document.getElementById(‘pb-slot-mobile-incontent-4-para-inj-3’);n if (div) {n observer.observe(div);n }n }());n u003c/scriptu003eu003c/divu003ennnnu003cpu003eThe study is published in the journal u003ca href=”https://www.journals.elsevier.com/tourism-management”u003eu003cemu003eTourism Managementu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e.u003c/emu003eu003c/pu003ennnnu003cpu003eu003cemu003eu0026#8211;u003c/emu003eu003cemu003eu0026#8212;u003c/emu003eu003c/pu003ennnnu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”http://[email protected]”u003eu003cemu003eChrissy Sextonu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/staff/”u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003eu003cdiv class=”PrebidAdSlot_prebidIncontentSlot__2XOy7 PrebidAdSlot_desktopAd__HjuWa” data-reactroot=””u003eu003cdiv id=”pb-slot-desktop-incontent-5-para-inj-4″ class=”pb-slot ” data-parent-div-id=”pb-slot-desktop-incontent-5″ style=”min-width:728px;min-height:90px”u003eu003c/divu003eu003cscriptu003en (function() {n const observerConfig = {n rootMargin: ‘1200px 0px 1200px 0px’,n threshold: 0n }n const observer = new IntersectionObserver(entries =u003e {n entries.forEach(entry =u003e {n if (entry u0026u0026n entry.isIntersecting u0026u0026n entry.intersectionRatio u003e 0) { // in viewn window.tude = window.tude || { cmd: [] };n window.tude.cmd.push(function() {n tude.refreshAdsViaDivMappings([n { divId: ‘pb-slot-desktop-incontent-5-para-inj-4’, baseDivId: ‘pb-slot-desktop-incontent-5’ }n ]);n observer.unobserve(entry.target);n });n }n });n }, observerConfig);n const div = document.getElementById(‘pb-slot-desktop-incontent-5-para-inj-4’);n if (div) {n observer.observe(div);n }n }());n u003c/scriptu003eu003c/divu003eu003cdiv class=”PrebidAdSlot_prebidIncontentSlot__2XOy7 PrebidAdSlot_mobileAd__JpW4z” data-reactroot=””u003eu003cdiv id=”pb-slot-mobile-incontent-5-para-inj-4″ class=”pb-slot ” data-parent-div-id=”pb-slot-mobile-incontent-5″ style=”min-width:300px;min-height:250px”u003eu003c/divu003eu003cscriptu003en (function() {n const observerConfig = {n rootMargin: ‘1200px 0px 1200px 0px’,n threshold: 0n }n const observer = new IntersectionObserver(entries =u003e {n entries.forEach(entry =u003e {n if (entry u0026u0026n entry.isIntersecting u0026u0026n entry.intersectionRatio u003e 0) { // in viewn window.tude = window.tude || { cmd: [] };n window.tude.cmd.push(function() {n tude.refreshAdsViaDivMappings([n { divId: ‘pb-slot-mobile-incontent-5-para-inj-4’, baseDivId: ‘pb-slot-mobile-incontent-5’ }n ]);n observer.unobserve(entry.target);n });n }n });n }, observerConfig);n const div = document.getElementById(‘pb-slot-mobile-incontent-5-para-inj-4’);n if (div) {n observer.observe(div);n }n }());n u003c/scriptu003eu003c/divu003en”,”post_title”:”Tourism boosts physical and mental well-being”,”post_excerpt”:”In a new paper from Edith Cowan University (ECU), experts propose that we should rethink the way we view the tourism industry”,”post_status”:”publish”,”comment_status”:”closed”,”ping_status”:”closed”,”post_password”:””,”post_name”:”tourism-boosts-physical-and-mental-well-being”,”to_ping”:””,”pinged”:””,”post_modified”:”2022-06-23 11:19:47″,”post_modified_gmt”:”2022-06-23 17:19:47″,”post_content_filtered”:””,”post_parent”:0,”guid”:”https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909601″,”menu_order”:0,”post_type”:”news”,”post_mime_type”:””,”comment_count”:”0″,”filter”:”raw”,”thumbnail”:”u003cimg src=”https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/23111720/Tourism-960×640.jpg” class=”img-fluid h-100 wp-post-image” alt=”In a new paper from Edith Cowan University (ECU), experts propose that we should rethink the way we view the tourism industry” loading=”lazy” srcset=”https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/23111720/Tourism-960×640.jpg 960w, https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/23111720/Tourism-450×300.jpg 450w, https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/23111720/Tourism-270×180.jpg 270w, https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/23111720/Tourism-360×240.jpg 360w” sizes=”(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px” /u003e”,”author_name”:”Chrissy Sexton”,”author_url”:””,”author_avatar”:”u003cimg alt=”” src=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99e13e72878f1ac7d5eab2e249235cca?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g” srcset=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99e13e72878f1ac7d5eab2e249235cca?s=64u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g 2x” class=”avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto” height=”32″ width=”32″ loading=’lazy’/u003e”,”formatted_date”:”06-23-2022″},”sidebar”:[{“ID”:1909606,”post_author”:”57″,”post_date”:”2022-06-23 12:00:00″,”post_date_gmt”:”2022-06-23 18:00:00″,”post_content”:”u003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eTrees absorb carbon from the atmosphere, in the form of u003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/news/new-carbon-sinks-may-be-appearing-in-the-arctic/”u003ecarbonu003c/au003e dioxide. This is then used during the process of photosynthesis to form organic carbon compounds, such as carbohydrates, in the leaves, branches, trunks and roots. A living tree is thus an important storage site for carbon that might otherwise be adding to the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. And a big, living tree is even more important.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eHowever, when scientists attempt to understand the importance of the carbon storage currently provided by woody vegetation, and the effects of anthropogenic impacts on the carbon cycle, they are faced with the fact that there are no direct measurements of carbon cycling from the pre-industrial period. Furthermore, scientists do not really know how woody biomass has changed on Earth over recent millennia.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eWithout empirical data on changes in woody biomass spanning more than a few decades, scientists have to estimate and make assumptions when trying to model the effects of climate change. This can lead to uncertainties in predictions about the role of vegetation as a long-term carbon sink, and to inaccuracies when projecting future changes in the carbon and climate systems.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eA new study, published today in the journalu0026nbsp;u003ca href=”https://www.science.org/”u003eu003cemu003eScienceu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eseeks to fill this knowledge gap using the assemblages of fossil pollen in the soil as an indication of woody vegetation biomass in the past. Led by Ann Raiho of the u003ca href=”https://www.umd.edu/”u003eUniversity of Marylandu003c/au003e’s Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), an international team of scientists used fossil pollen data as a proxy to reconstruct the natural pace and pattern of carbon storage in the forests of the Midwestern U.S. over the past 10,000 years. Their findings cast a new light on how landscapes can be managed to maximize carbon storage while also meeting conservation goals.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“We found that the forests in the Midwestern U.S. were expanding and getting bigger over the last 10,000 years,” said Raiho, a postdoctoral associate at ESSIC. “This tells us that the prehistoric baseline for understanding forests was wrong and that it’s important from a carbon sequestration perspective to preserve trees that grow larger and live longer.”u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe research team, which also included researchers from the University of Notre Dame, University of California, Berkeley, University of Calgary and the U.S. Geological Survey, developed a Bayesian model that they named ReFAB (Reconstructing Forest Aboveground Biomass). This model estimates aboveground woody biomass based on a time-series of fossil pollen assemblages in sediments. The experts used ReFAB to reconstruct changes in woody biomass across a 600,000-plus kilometer area in the Upper Midwest of the U.S. over the last 10,000 years.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eTheir work painted a vivid picture of how forests have changed over this time. The researchers found that, after an initial postglacial decline, woody biomass nearly doubled during the last 8,000 years. This result differs substantially from prior reconstructions of forest biomass in eastern Canada, a finding they suggest may be due to differences in the forest species in the two regions.u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003ePrevious studies used simpler models that indicated little or no change in woody biomass over the last 6,000 years. ReFAB corrects this situation by accounting for temporal autocorrelation, uncertainty in sediment-dating, and uncertainty in the relationship between aboveground woody biomass and multivariate pollen data. Removing these uncertainties has allowed the researchers to understand past changes in vegetation at a finer scale, thereby uncovering trends that were previously not visible.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“We found that the ecology of forests matters for understanding the carbon cycle,” Raiho said. “The steady accumulation of carbon was driven by two separate ecological responses to regionally changing climate: the spread of forested biomes and the population expansion of high-biomass tree species within forests.”u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe data from fossil pollen assemblages showed, sadly, that the woody biomass accumulated in the Midwestern forests over millennia took under two centuries to destroy. Industrial-era logging and agricultural clearance severely depleted this carbon accumulation. The researchers found that the decline in woody biomass in the studied region occurred at more than 10 times the rate of aboveground woody biomass change in any century over the last 10,000 years.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe researchers found that storage of carbon in woody biomass in the study area was driven by population expansions of high-biomass tree species, such as eastern hemlock and American beech. After these species became established, high-biomass forests were sustained in the study region for millennia. This discovery emphasizes the importance of preserving large trees when managing forests to mitigate the effects of climate change – large trees sequester considerable amounts of carbon.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“Forest management should emphasize sustaining populations of large trees,” Raiho said. “This has the potential to emulate the natural carbon sequestration processes and ultimately extend the timescales and magnitude at which terrestrial ecosystems will continue to buffer climate change by acting as a carbon sink.”u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe research team will work in future with NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI), which will enable the protection of large trees by providing high resolution maps of the 3D structure of forests around the world. GEDI will expand existing knowledge about biomass magnitude, structure, and density. With this wealth of information, researchers will be able to predict the future of forests better.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“This work would not be possible without all of the people who collected and counted the fossil pollen data,” noted Raiho. “There were probably a hundred people over the last several decades who did all the field work. We used over 232 fossil pollen cores in this research. Thousands of hours went into the data collection. We used the Neotoma database to access this valuable data.”u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eRaiho and her team plan to use their pollen-based method of forest reconstruction to improve the simulation models used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This will enable scientists to understand better how climate change will impact Earth and its ecosystems in future.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e—u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”mailto:[email protected]”u003eu003cemu003eAlison Bosmanu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/staff/”u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003e”,”post_title”:”Big trees are crucial in stabilizing climate, new model predicts”,”post_excerpt”:”A new study, published today in the journal Science, seeks to fill this knowledge gap using the assemblages of fossil pollen in the soil as an indication of woody vegetation biomass in the past”,”post_status”:”publish”,”comment_status”:”closed”,”ping_status”:”closed”,”post_password”:””,”post_name”:”big-trees-are-crucial-in-stabilizing-climate-new-model-predicts”,”to_ping”:””,”pinged”:””,”post_modified”:”2022-06-23 12:18:31″,”post_modified_gmt”:”2022-06-23 18:18:31″,”post_content_filtered”:””,”post_parent”:0,”guid”:”https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909606″,”menu_order”:0,”post_type”:”news”,”post_mime_type”:””,”comment_count”:”0″,”filter”:”raw”,”formatted_date”:”06-23-2022″,”permalink”:”https://www.earth.com/news/big-trees-are-crucial-in-stabilizing-climate-new-model-predicts/”,”author_name”:”Alison Bosman”,”author_url”:””,”author_avatar”:”u003cimg alt=”” src=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a33f7e6b2104c5708420301534070584?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g” srcset=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a33f7e6b2104c5708420301534070584?s=64u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g 2x” class=”avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto” height=”32″ width=”32″ loading=’lazy’/u003e”,”thumb”:”https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/23121136/Midwest-forest-scaled.jpg”,”terms”:false,”image”:{“width”:2560,”height”:1731,”file”:”2022/06/Midwest-forest-scaled.jpg”,”sizes”:{“medium”:{“file”:”Midwest-forest-300×203.jpg”,”width”:300,”height”:203,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”large”:{“file”:”Midwest-forest-1024×693.jpg”,”width”:1024,”height”:693,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”thumbnail”:{“file”:”Midwest-forest-150×150.jpg”,”width”:150,”height”:150,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”medium_large”:{“file”:”Midwest-forest-768×519.jpg”,”width”:768,”height”:519,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”1536×1536″:{“file”:”Midwest-forest-1536×1039.jpg”,”width”:1536,”height”:1039,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”}},”image_meta”:{“aperture”:”0″,”credit”:””,”camera”:””,”caption”:””,”created_timestamp”:”0″,”copyright”:””,”focal_length”:”0″,”iso”:”0″,”shutter_speed”:”0″,”title”:””,”orientation”:”1″,”keywords”:[]},”original_image”:”Midwest-forest.jpg”},”trimmed_content”:”Trees absorb carbon from the atmosphere, in the form of…”},{“ID”:1909603,”post_author”:”65″,”post_date”:”2022-06-23 12:00:00″,”post_date_gmt”:”2022-06-23 18:00:00″,”post_content”:”u003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eAll living creatures get older and ultimately die. However, according to u003ca href=”https://www.sdu.dk/en”u003eUniversity of Southern Denmarku003c/au003e researchers, not all organisms age at the same rate. They found that many turtle and u003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/news/giant-tortoise-believed-extinct-found-in-the-galapagos/”u003etortoiseu003c/au003e species are able to slow down their senescence significantly and, in some cases, nearly turn it off.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eFernando Colchero, Dalia Conde, and Rita da Silvau003cemu003e u003c/emu003estudied 52 turtle and tortoise species and discovered that 75 percent have a very slow rate of senescence. Compared to humans, 80 percent of these long-living species have a slower rate of senescence.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe experts found that the senescence rates of the Aldaba giant tortoise (u003cemu003eAldabrachelys giganteau003c/emu003e) can reach as low as zero, and the black marsh turtle (u003cemu003eSiebenrockiella crassicollisu003c/emu003e) can reduce their rate of aging to below zero. For the black marsh turtle, this means that the risk of death is reduced as the animal ages.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eMoreover, the study authors discovered that the animals have flexible senescence rates. When captive animals were presented with improved living conditions, these adaptable creatures were able to reduce their aging rate.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThis flexibility does not apply to humans, as research on humans and non-human primates has shown better living conditions don’t significantly reduce the rate of aging.u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eAlthough the researchers are not sure why turtles and tortoises age less rapidly, there are theories suggesting it has something to do with growth after sexual maturity. One theory assumes that as the body prepares for reproduction, more energy is diverted into that function, and the matured body begins to deteriorate as a result. Based on this theory, there is no avoiding the aging process.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eHowever, animal species that continue to grow after sexual maturity, including turtles and tortoises, may function differently. Some scientists think that since these species continue to grow after their reproductive years arrive, they can keep investing energy into cell repair, thereby avoiding the damaging effects of aging. u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe researchers made it clear that they are not calling turtles and tortoises immortal. They noted that these animals will eventually succumb to other causes of mortality, such as disease.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe study is published in the journal u003ca href=”https://www.science.org/”u003eu003cemu003eScienceu003c/emu003eu003c/au003e.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e—u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”mailto:[email protected]”u003eu003cemu003eErin Moody u003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/staff/”u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003e”,”post_title”:”Turtles and tortoises can slow their rate of aging”,”post_excerpt”:”They found that many turtle and tortoise species are able to slow down their senescence significantly and, in some cases, nearly turn it off.”,”post_status”:”publish”,”comment_status”:”closed”,”ping_status”:”closed”,”post_password”:””,”post_name”:”turtles-and-tortoises-can-slow-their-rate-of-aging”,”to_ping”:””,”pinged”:””,”post_modified”:”2022-06-23 12:01:34″,”post_modified_gmt”:”2022-06-23 18:01:34″,”post_content_filtered”:””,”post_parent”:0,”guid”:”https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909603″,”menu_order”:0,”post_type”:”news”,”post_mime_type”:””,”comment_count”:”0″,”filter”:”raw”,”formatted_date”:”06-23-2022″,”permalink”:”https://www.earth.com/news/turtles-and-tortoises-can-slow-their-rate-of-aging/”,”author_name”:”Erin Moody”,”author_url”:”https://www.Earth.com”,”author_avatar”:”u003cimg alt=”” src=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/941689ae37ba9262b941bdee76852c4c?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g” srcset=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/941689ae37ba9262b941bdee76852c4c?s=64u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g 2x” class=”avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto” height=”32″ width=”32″ loading=’lazy’/u003e”,”thumb”:”https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/23113102/Turtles-3-270×180.jpg”,”terms”:false,”image”:{“width”:2560,”height”:1669,”file”:”2022/06/Turtles-3-scaled.jpg”,”sizes”:{“medium”:{“file”:”Turtles-3-300×196.jpg”,”width”:300,”height”:196,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”large”:{“file”:”Turtles-3-1024×668.jpg”,”width”:1024,”height”:668,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”thumbnail”:{“file”:”Turtles-3-150×150.jpg”,”width”:150,”height”:150,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”medium_large”:{“file”:”Turtles-3-768×501.jpg”,”width”:768,”height”:501,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”1536×1536″:{“file”:”Turtles-3-1536×1002.jpg”,”width”:1536,”height”:1002,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”2048×2048″:{“file”:”Turtles-3-2048×1335.jpg”,”width”:2048,”height”:1335,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”big-img”:{“file”:”Turtles-3-1400×850.jpg”,”width”:1400,”height”:850,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article”:{“file”:”Turtles-3-960×640.jpg”,”width”:960,”height”:640,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-smaller”:{“file”:”Turtles-3-640×480.jpg”,”width”:640,”height”:480,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-side”:{“file”:”Turtles-3-454×282.jpg”,”width”:454,”height”:282,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”media-article”:{“file”:”Turtles-3-450×300.jpg”,”width”:450,”height”:300,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”16-9-article”:{“file”:”Turtles-3-350×210.jpg”,”width”:350,”height”:210,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”4-3-article”:{“file”:”Turtles-3-425×375.jpg”,”width”:425,”height”:375,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”small-article”:{“file”:”Turtles-3-125×88.jpg”,”width”:125,”height”:88,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”side-article”:{“file”:”Turtles-3-270×180.jpg”,”width”:270,”height”:180,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”author-avatar”:{“file”:”Turtles-3-32×32.jpg”,”width”:32,”height”:32,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”secondary-article”:{“file”:”Turtles-3-360×240.jpg”,”width”:360,”height”:240,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”featured-article”:{“file”:”Turtles-3-730×410.jpg”,”width”:730,”height”:410,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”product-single-image”:{“file”:”Turtles-3-230×280.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:280,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”plant-small-image”:{“file”:”Turtles-3-230×260.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:260,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”}},”image_meta”:{“aperture”:”0″,”credit”:””,”camera”:””,”caption”:””,”created_timestamp”:”0″,”copyright”:””,”focal_length”:”0″,”iso”:”0″,”shutter_speed”:”0″,”title”:””,”orientation”:”1″,”keywords”:[]},”original_image”:”Turtles-3.jpg”},”trimmed_content”:”All living creatures get older and ultimately die. However, according…”},{“ID”:1909601,”post_author”:”13″,”post_date”:”2022-06-23 11:00:00″,”post_date_gmt”:”2022-06-23 17:00:00″,”post_content”:”u003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eIn a new paper from u003ca href=”https://www.ecu.edu.au/”u003eEdith Cowan Universityu003c/au003e (ECU), experts propose that we should rethink the way we view the tourism industry. The researchers say that traveling is not just a recreational experience, but also a potential therapy that can provide real u003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/news/heart-failure-is-influenced-by-gut-health/”u003ehealthu003c/au003e benefits.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe study was a collaboration between experts in ECU’s Centre for Precision Health and School of Business and Law. The researchers identified many aspects of vacationing that could have a positive impact on people with mental health issues or cognitive disorders. In particular, the researchers investigated how tourism could benefit people with dementia. u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“Medical experts can recommend dementia treatments such as music therapy, exercise, cognitive stimulation, reminiscence therapy, sensory stimulation and adaptations to a patient’s mealtimes and environment,” said Dr. Wen. “These are all also often found when on holidays.”u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“This research is among the first to conceptually discuss how these tourism experiences could potentially work as dementia interventions.”u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eDr. Wen noted that the varied nature of tourism means there are many opportunities to incorporate treatments for conditions like dementia. For example, new experiences and environments provide cognitive and sensory stimulation.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“Exercise has been linked to mental well-being and traveling often involves enhanced physical activity, such as more walking,” explained Dr. Wen. “Mealtimes are often different on holiday: they’re usually more social affairs with multiple people and family-style meals have been found to positively influence dementia patients’ eating behavior.”u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“And then there’s the basics like fresh air and sunshine increasing vitamin D and serotonin levels. Everything that comes together to represent a holistic tourism experience, makes it easy to see how patients with dementia may benefit from tourism as an intervention.”u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eIn recent years, the impact of Covid-19 on travel had raised questions about tourism’s value beyond lifestyle and economic factors, said Dr. Wen.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“Tourism has been found to boost physical and psychological well-being. So, after COVID, it’s a good time to identify tourism’s place in public health – and not just for healthy tourists, but vulnerable groups.”u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eDr. Wen said he hopes a new line of collaborative research could begin to examine how vacationing can enhance the lives of people with various conditions.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“We’re trying to do something new in bridging tourism and health science. There will have to be more empirical research and evidence to see if tourism can become one of the medical interventions for different diseases like dementia or depression.”u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“So, tourism is not just about traveling and having fun; we need to rethink the role tourism plays in modern society.”u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe study is published in the journal u003ca href=”https://www.journals.elsevier.com/tourism-management”u003eu003cemu003eTourism Managementu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e.u003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003e-u003c/emu003eu003cemu003e–u003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”http://[email protected]”u003eu003cemu003eChrissy Sextonu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/staff/”u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003e”,”post_title”:”Tourism boosts physical and mental well-being”,”post_excerpt”:”In a new paper from Edith Cowan University (ECU), experts propose that we should rethink the way we view the tourism industry”,”post_status”:”publish”,”comment_status”:”closed”,”ping_status”:”closed”,”post_password”:””,”post_name”:”tourism-boosts-physical-and-mental-well-being”,”to_ping”:””,”pinged”:””,”post_modified”:”2022-06-23 11:19:47″,”post_modified_gmt”:”2022-06-23 17:19:47″,”post_content_filtered”:””,”post_parent”:0,”guid”:”https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909601″,”menu_order”:0,”post_type”:”news”,”post_mime_type”:””,”comment_count”:”0″,”filter”:”raw”,”formatted_date”:”06-23-2022″,”permalink”:”https://www.earth.com/news/tourism-boosts-physical-and-mental-well-being/”,”author_name”:”Chrissy Sexton”,”author_url”:””,”author_avatar”:”u003cimg alt=”” src=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99e13e72878f1ac7d5eab2e249235cca?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g” srcset=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99e13e72878f1ac7d5eab2e249235cca?s=64u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g 2x” class=”avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto” height=”32″ width=”32″ loading=’lazy’/u003e”,”thumb”:”https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/23111720/Tourism-270×180.jpg”,”terms”:false,”image”:{“width”:2560,”height”:1767,”file”:”2022/06/Tourism-scaled.jpg”,”sizes”:{“medium”:{“file”:”Tourism-300×207.jpg”,”width”:300,”height”:207,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”large”:{“file”:”Tourism-1024×707.jpg”,”width”:1024,”height”:707,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”thumbnail”:{“file”:”Tourism-150×150.jpg”,”width”:150,”height”:150,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”medium_large”:{“file”:”Tourism-768×530.jpg”,”width”:768,”height”:530,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”1536×1536″:{“file”:”Tourism-1536×1060.jpg”,”width”:1536,”height”:1060,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”2048×2048″:{“file”:”Tourism-2048×1414.jpg”,”width”:2048,”height”:1414,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”big-img”:{“file”:”Tourism-1400×850.jpg”,”width”:1400,”height”:850,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article”:{“file”:”Tourism-960×640.jpg”,”width”:960,”height”:640,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-smaller”:{“file”:”Tourism-640×480.jpg”,”width”:640,”height”:480,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-side”:{“file”:”Tourism-454×282.jpg”,”width”:454,”height”:282,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”media-article”:{“file”:”Tourism-450×300.jpg”,”width”:450,”height”:300,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”16-9-article”:{“file”:”Tourism-350×210.jpg”,”width”:350,”height”:210,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”4-3-article”:{“file”:”Tourism-425×375.jpg”,”width”:425,”height”:375,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”small-article”:{“file”:”Tourism-125×88.jpg”,”width”:125,”height”:88,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”side-article”:{“file”:”Tourism-270×180.jpg”,”width”:270,”height”:180,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”author-avatar”:{“file”:”Tourism-32×32.jpg”,”width”:32,”height”:32,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”secondary-article”:{“file”:”Tourism-360×240.jpg”,”width”:360,”height”:240,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”featured-article”:{“file”:”Tourism-730×410.jpg”,”width”:730,”height”:410,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”product-single-image”:{“file”:”Tourism-230×280.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:280,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”plant-small-image”:{“file”:”Tourism-230×260.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:260,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”}},”image_meta”:{“aperture”:”0″,”credit”:””,”camera”:””,”caption”:””,”created_timestamp”:”0″,”copyright”:””,”focal_length”:”0″,”iso”:”0″,”shutter_speed”:”0″,”title”:””,”orientation”:”1″,”keywords”:[]},”original_image”:”Tourism.jpg”},”trimmed_content”:”In a new paper from Edith Cowan University (ECU), experts…”},{“ID”:1909599,”post_author”:”59″,”post_date”:”2022-06-23 10:00:00″,”post_date_gmt”:”2022-06-23 16:00:00″,”post_content”:”u003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe world’s u003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/news/even-the-most-remote-oceans-are-polluted-with-microplastics/”u003eoceansu003c/au003e are teeming with numerous life-forms, ranging from the largest animal on our planet (the blue whale) to a vast diversity of minuscule microorganisms. These tiny creatures are crucial for making sure that the entire eco- and climate system function properly. u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eFor instance, photosynthetically active microbes such as cyanobacteria produce around 50 percent of the oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere. Moreover, by removing carbon dioxide from the air, aquatic microorganisms also play a fundamental role in curbing global warming.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eAlthough scientists were long aware of the various benefits these microbes provide, no systematic analysis of their diversity has previously been performed. Now, a research team led by the u003ca href=”https://micro.biol.ethz.ch/”u003eInstitute of Microbiologyu003c/au003e at ETH Zurich has examined publicly available DNA data from 1,000 water samples collected at different depths from all the world’s oceans in order to map global microorganism biodiversity and identify the various functions microbes play in different ecosystems.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eBy using groundbreaking modern technologies such as u003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/news/environmental-dna-reveals-the-diversity-of-coral-reef-fish/”u003eenvironmental DNAu003c/au003e (eDNA) analysis, the scientists managed to sequence over 35,000 microbial genomes. Their analyses revealed about 40,000 promising biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) – groups of genes that provide synthetic pathways for natural products which could prove beneficial for humans too, due to their antibiotic properties.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eBesides detecting many potentially useful BCGs, the researchers also found previously undiscovered species, such as bacteria belonging to the phylum Eremiobacterota. These bacteria – previously thought to exist only in terrestrial environments – were discovered to boast the highest BCG diversity of all the samples examined. u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“As things stand, they are the most biosynthetically diverse family in the oceanic water column,” said study senior author Shinichi Sunagawa, a professor of Microbiome Research at ETH Zurich.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eIn future research, the scientists aim to search for more sources of natural products, as well as to investigate unresolved questions regarding the evolution and ecology of oceanic microorganisms. Moreover, they aim to clarify what ecological or evolutionary benefits certain genes, such as the BGCs, create for microbes.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe study is published in the journal u003ca href=”http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-%E2%80%8B022-04862-3″u003eu003cemu003eNatureu003c/emu003eu003c/au003e.u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e—u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”mailto:[email protected]”u003eu003cemu003eAndrei Ionescuu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/staff/”u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003e”,”post_title”:”Marine organisms are a rich source of natural products”,”post_excerpt”:”The world’s oceans are teeming with numerous life-forms, ranging from the largest animal on our planet (the blue whale) to a vast diversity of minuscule microorganisms”,”post_status”:”publish”,”comment_status”:”closed”,”ping_status”:”closed”,”post_password”:””,”post_name”:”marine-organisms-are-a-rich-source-of-natural-products”,”to_ping”:””,”pinged”:””,”post_modified”:”2022-06-23 10:44:31″,”post_modified_gmt”:”2022-06-23 16:44:31″,”post_content_filtered”:””,”post_parent”:0,”guid”:”https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909599″,”menu_order”:0,”post_type”:”news”,”post_mime_type”:””,”comment_count”:”0″,”filter”:”raw”,”formatted_date”:”06-23-2022″,”permalink”:”https://www.earth.com/news/marine-organisms-are-a-rich-source-of-natural-products/”,”author_name”:”Andrei Ionescu”,”author_url”:”http://earth.com”,”author_avatar”:”u003cimg alt=”” src=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd0b83647c92a32fc0e7bfc6ef606a6f?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g” srcset=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd0b83647c92a32fc0e7bfc6ef606a6f?s=64u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g 2x” class=”avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto” height=”32″ width=”32″ loading=’lazy’/u003e”,”thumb”:”https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/23104329/Natural-products-270×180.jpg”,”terms”:false,”image”:{“width”:2560,”height”:1920,”file”:”2022/06/Natural-products-scaled.jpg”,”sizes”:{“medium”:{“file”:”Natural-products-300×225.jpg”,”width”:300,”height”:225,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”large”:{“file”:”Natural-products-1024×768.jpg”,”width”:1024,”height”:768,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”thumbnail”:{“file”:”Natural-products-150×150.jpg”,”width”:150,”height”:150,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”medium_large”:{“file”:”Natural-products-768×576.jpg”,”width”:768,”height”:576,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”1536×1536″:{“file”:”Natural-products-1536×1152.jpg”,”width”:1536,”height”:1152,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”2048×2048″:{“file”:”Natural-products-2048×1536.jpg”,”width”:2048,”height”:1536,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”big-img”:{“file”:”Natural-products-1400×850.jpg”,”width”:1400,”height”:850,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article”:{“file”:”Natural-products-960×640.jpg”,”width”:960,”height”:640,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-smaller”:{“file”:”Natural-products-640×480.jpg”,”width”:640,”height”:480,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-side”:{“file”:”Natural-products-454×282.jpg”,”width”:454,”height”:282,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”media-article”:{“file”:”Natural-products-450×300.jpg”,”width”:450,”height”:300,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”16-9-article”:{“file”:”Natural-products-350×210.jpg”,”width”:350,”height”:210,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”4-3-article”:{“file”:”Natural-products-425×375.jpg”,”width”:425,”height”:375,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”small-article”:{“file”:”Natural-products-125×88.jpg”,”width”:125,”height”:88,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”side-article”:{“file”:”Natural-products-270×180.jpg”,”width”:270,”height”:180,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”author-avatar”:{“file”:”Natural-products-32×32.jpg”,”width”:32,”height”:32,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”secondary-article”:{“file”:”Natural-products-360×240.jpg”,”width”:360,”height”:240,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”featured-article”:{“file”:”Natural-products-730×410.jpg”,”width”:730,”height”:410,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”product-single-image”:{“file”:”Natural-products-230×280.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:280,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”plant-small-image”:{“file”:”Natural-products-230×260.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:260,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”}},”image_meta”:{“aperture”:”0″,”credit”:””,”camera”:””,”caption”:””,”created_timestamp”:”0″,”copyright”:””,”focal_length”:”0″,”iso”:”0″,”shutter_speed”:”0″,”title”:””,”orientation”:”1″,”keywords”:[]},”original_image”:”Natural-products.jpg”},”trimmed_content”:”The world’s oceans are teeming with numerous life-forms, ranging from…”},{“ID”:1909597,”post_author”:”17″,”post_date”:”2022-06-23 10:00:00″,”post_date_gmt”:”2022-06-23 16:00:00″,”post_content”:”u003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eResearchers have found a way to alter u003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/news/when-was-land-first-colonized-by-plants/”u003eplantu003c/au003e proteins and create a fast test for dangerous chemicals, according to a new study published in the journal u003ca href=”https://www.nature.com/nbt/”u003eu003cemu003eNature Biotechnologyu003c/emu003eu003c/au003e.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eDuring droughts, plants produce a chemical called ABA which allows them to hold onto more water. Plants also create receptors that detect ABA. With a few small changes, the scientists showed that these ABA receptors can detect up to 20 chemicals. The tests could be used to look for illegal pesticides and dangerous synthetic cannabinoids.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“It would be transformative if we could develop rapid dipstick tests to know if a dangerous chemical, like a synthetic cannabinoid, is present. This new paper gives others a roadmap to doing that,” said study co-author Sean Cutler, a plant cell biologist at u003ca href=”https://www.ucr.edu/”u003eUC Riversideu003c/au003e.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eSynthetic cannabinoids, in particular, are created faster than regulations can keep up. These drugs are often dangerous, and even deadly. Fast tests could help regulators keep up with new products containing dangerous synthetic cannabinoids.u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“Our system could be configured to detect lab-made cannabinoid variations as quickly as they appear on the market,” Cutler said.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe tests are also able to detect organophosphates, some of which (but not all) are illegal and dangerous pesticides. Being able to quickly identify the illegal pesticides would make testing water quality quicker.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eTo create these tests, the scientists used the nature of ABA to turn on receptors. When ABA interacts with receptors it can create many different reactions, such as glowing. Redesigning the receptors allows them to signal the presence of different chemicals. The scientists hope to expand this method to other types of chemicals as well.u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“We take an enzyme that can glow in the right context and split it into two pieces. One piece on the switch, and the other on the protein it binds to,” Cutler said. “This trick of bringing two things together in the presence of a third chemical isn’t new. Our advance is showing we can reprogram the process to work with lots of different third chemicals.”u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e—u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”mailto:[email protected]”u003eu003cemu003eZach Fitzneru003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/staff/”u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003e”,”post_title”:”A plant-based test can detect dangerous chemicals”,”post_excerpt”:”Researchers have found a way to alter plant proteins and create a fast test for dangerous chemicals”,”post_status”:”publish”,”comment_status”:”closed”,”ping_status”:”closed”,”post_password”:””,”post_name”:”a-plant-based-test-can-detect-dangerous-chemicals”,”to_ping”:””,”pinged”:””,”post_modified”:”2022-06-23 10:14:01″,”post_modified_gmt”:”2022-06-23 16:14:01″,”post_content_filtered”:””,”post_parent”:0,”guid”:”https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909597″,”menu_order”:0,”post_type”:”news”,”post_mime_type”:””,”comment_count”:”0″,”filter”:”raw”,”formatted_date”:”06-23-2022″,”permalink”:”https://www.earth.com/news/a-plant-based-test-can-detect-dangerous-chemicals/”,”author_name”:”Zach Fitzner”,”author_url”:””,”author_avatar”:”u003cimg alt=”” src=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7205715c5ad7d716d60b44de04f76272?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g” srcset=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7205715c5ad7d716d60b44de04f76272?s=64u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g 2x” class=”avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto” height=”32″ width=”32″ loading=’lazy’/u003e”,”thumb”:”https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/23101136/Chemicals-5-270×180.jpg”,”terms”:false,”image”:{“width”:2560,”height”:1707,”file”:”2022/06/Chemicals-5-scaled.jpg”,”sizes”:{“medium”:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-300×200.jpg”,”width”:300,”height”:200,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”large”:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-1024×683.jpg”,”width”:1024,”height”:683,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”thumbnail”:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-150×150.jpg”,”width”:150,”height”:150,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”medium_large”:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-768×512.jpg”,”width”:768,”height”:512,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”1536×1536″:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-1536×1024.jpg”,”width”:1536,”height”:1024,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”2048×2048″:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-2048×1365.jpg”,”width”:2048,”height”:1365,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”big-img”:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-1400×850.jpg”,”width”:1400,”height”:850,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article”:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-960×640.jpg”,”width”:960,”height”:640,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-smaller”:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-640×480.jpg”,”width”:640,”height”:480,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-side”:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-454×282.jpg”,”width”:454,”height”:282,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”media-article”:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-450×300.jpg”,”width”:450,”height”:300,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”16-9-article”:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-350×210.jpg”,”width”:350,”height”:210,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”4-3-article”:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-425×375.jpg”,”width”:425,”height”:375,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”small-article”:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-125×88.jpg”,”width”:125,”height”:88,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”side-article”:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-270×180.jpg”,”width”:270,”height”:180,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”author-avatar”:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-32×32.jpg”,”width”:32,”height”:32,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”secondary-article”:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-360×240.jpg”,”width”:360,”height”:240,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”featured-article”:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-730×410.jpg”,”width”:730,”height”:410,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”product-single-image”:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-230×280.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:280,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”plant-small-image”:{“file”:”Chemicals-5-230×260.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:260,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”}},”image_meta”:{“aperture”:”0″,”credit”:””,”camera”:””,”caption”:””,”created_timestamp”:”0″,”copyright”:””,”focal_length”:”0″,”iso”:”0″,”shutter_speed”:”0″,”title”:””,”orientation”:”1″,”keywords”:[]},”original_image”:”Chemicals-5.jpg”},”trimmed_content”:”Researchers have found a way to alter plant proteins and…”},{“ID”:1909595,”post_author”:”17″,”post_date”:”2022-06-23 09:00:00″,”post_date_gmt”:”2022-06-23 15:00:00″,”post_content”:”u003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eVampyronassa rhodanica u003c/emu003ewas a cephalopod, a member of the group that includes cuttlefish, octopuses, squid and the nautilus. u003cemu003eV. rhodanica u003c/emu003eis also an ancient extinct relative of the more famous vampire squid (u003cemu003eVampyroteuthis infernalisu003c/emu003e) which lives in deep, dark pockets of the u003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/news/even-the-most-remote-oceans-are-polluted-with-microplastics/”u003eoceanu003c/au003e, rarely seen by human eyes.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eNow, researchers have analyzed the fossilized remains of u003cemu003eV. rhodanicau003c/emu003e. The study, published in the journal u003ca href=”https://www.nature.com/srep/”u003eu003cemu003eScientific Reportsu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e,u003c/emu003e looks at the extinct squid’s tentacles, which evolved for active hunting, unlike its extant relative.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eUntil now, little has been known about the body – much less the life history – of u003cemu003eV. rhodanica. u003c/emu003eUnlike bodies with hard skeletons, the fossilized remains of cephalopods (besides those with shells) are hard to find.u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eAlison Rowe led a research team to analyze a rare, well-preserved u003cemu003eV. rhodanica u003c/emu003efossil from the La Voulte-sur-Rhône (Ardèche, France). The 10-centimeter specimen, which was 164 million years old, had a classic squid shape. The scientists used non-invasive 3D imaging to look more closely at the fossil.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe researchers found that u003cemu003eV. rhodanica u003c/emu003ehad similar suckers to the living vampire squid, in that both lack teeth in their suckers. However, modern vampire squids lack robust suckers on the end of their specialized long dorsal arms, which u003cemu003eV. rhodanica u003c/emu003eclearly had.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe scientists hypothesize that these suckers were used like modern suckers – to create a watertight seal to grab and hold prey firmly in the tentacles. Because of these suckers, as well as sensory appendages used for detecting prey, the research team thinks this was an active predator.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eBy contrast, the modern vampire squid has evolved to a slow moving life deep in the dark, cold ocean where little oxygen is available. During their sedentary lives, vampire squids simply grab whatever food floats their way, making them more opportunistic in nature than their extinct relatives.u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e—u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”mailto:[email protected]”u003eu003cemu003eZach Fitzneru003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/staff/”u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003e”,”post_title”:”Ancient squid had suckers for actively hunting prey”,”post_excerpt”:”V. rhodanica is also an ancient extinct relative of the more famous vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis infernalis) which lives in deep, dark pockets of the ocean, rarely seen by human eyes. “,”post_status”:”publish”,”comment_status”:”closed”,”ping_status”:”closed”,”post_password”:””,”post_name”:”ancient-squid-had-suckers-for-actively-hunting-prey”,”to_ping”:””,”pinged”:””,”post_modified”:”2022-06-23 09:16:20″,”post_modified_gmt”:”2022-06-23 15:16:20″,”post_content_filtered”:””,”post_parent”:0,”guid”:”https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909595″,”menu_order”:0,”post_type”:”news”,”post_mime_type”:””,”comment_count”:”0″,”filter”:”raw”,”formatted_date”:”06-23-2022″,”permalink”:”https://www.earth.com/news/ancient-squid-had-suckers-for-actively-hunting-prey/”,”author_name”:”Zach Fitzner”,”author_url”:””,”author_avatar”:”u003cimg alt=”” src=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7205715c5ad7d716d60b44de04f76272?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g” srcset=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7205715c5ad7d716d60b44de04f76272?s=64u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g 2x” class=”avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto” height=”32″ width=”32″ loading=’lazy’/u003e”,”thumb”:”https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/23091342/Squid-270×180.jpg”,”terms”:false,”image”:{“width”:2560,”height”:1790,”file”:”2022/06/Squid-scaled.jpg”,”sizes”:{“medium”:{“file”:”Squid-300×210.jpg”,”width”:300,”height”:210,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”large”:{“file”:”Squid-1024×716.jpg”,”width”:1024,”height”:716,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”thumbnail”:{“file”:”Squid-150×150.jpg”,”width”:150,”height”:150,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”medium_large”:{“file”:”Squid-768×537.jpg”,”width”:768,”height”:537,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”1536×1536″:{“file”:”Squid-1536×1074.jpg”,”width”:1536,”height”:1074,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”2048×2048″:{“file”:”Squid-2048×1432.jpg”,”width”:2048,”height”:1432,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”big-img”:{“file”:”Squid-1400×850.jpg”,”width”:1400,”height”:850,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article”:{“file”:”Squid-960×640.jpg”,”width”:960,”height”:640,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-smaller”:{“file”:”Squid-640×480.jpg”,”width”:640,”height”:480,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-side”:{“file”:”Squid-454×282.jpg”,”width”:454,”height”:282,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”media-article”:{“file”:”Squid-450×300.jpg”,”width”:450,”height”:300,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”16-9-article”:{“file”:”Squid-350×210.jpg”,”width”:350,”height”:210,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”4-3-article”:{“file”:”Squid-425×375.jpg”,”width”:425,”height”:375,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”small-article”:{“file”:”Squid-125×88.jpg”,”width”:125,”height”:88,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”side-article”:{“file”:”Squid-270×180.jpg”,”width”:270,”height”:180,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”author-avatar”:{“file”:”Squid-32×32.jpg”,”width”:32,”height”:32,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”secondary-article”:{“file”:”Squid-360×240.jpg”,”width”:360,”height”:240,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”featured-article”:{“file”:”Squid-730×410.jpg”,”width”:730,”height”:410,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”product-single-image”:{“file”:”Squid-230×280.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:280,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”plant-small-image”:{“file”:”Squid-230×260.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:260,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”}},”image_meta”:{“aperture”:”0″,”credit”:””,”camera”:””,”caption”:””,”created_timestamp”:”0″,”copyright”:””,”focal_length”:”0″,”iso”:”0″,”shutter_speed”:”0″,”title”:””,”orientation”:”1″,”keywords”:[]},”original_image”:”Squid.jpg”},”trimmed_content”:”Vampyronassa rhodanica was a cephalopod, a member of the group…”},{“ID”:1909592,”post_author”:”59″,”post_date”:”2022-06-23 07:00:00″,”post_date_gmt”:”2022-06-23 13:00:00″,”post_content”:”u003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eA new study led by u003ca href=”https://www.princeton.edu/”u003ePrinceton Universityu003c/au003e has found that prehistoric megatooth sharks – the largest sharks that ever lived, including the famous u003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/news/megalodons-grew-larger-in-cold-water/”u003eMegalodonu003c/au003e – were apex predators at the highest level ever measured. According to the experts, these massive creatures that evolved after the dinosaurs went extinct and ruled the world’s seas and oceans until three million years ago fed even upon other predators and predators-of-predators, in a highly intricate food web.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“We’re used to thinking of the largest species – blue whales, whale sharks, even elephants and diplodocuses – as filter feeders or herbivores, not predators,”u0026nbsp;said study lead author Emma Kast, a former doctoral student at Princeton and currently a postdoctoral fellow in Geography, Geology, and Geophysics at the u003ca href=”https://www.cam.ac.uk/”u003eUniversity of Cambridgeu003c/au003e. “But Megalodon and the other megatooth sharks were genuinely enormous carnivores that ate other predators, and Meg went extinct only a few million years ago.”u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eTo reach this conclusion, Dr. Kast and her colleagues used a novel technique to measure the nitrogen isotopes in the sharks’ teeth. The level of a specific isotope (nitrogen-15) can be used to reliably assess an animals’ position in the trophic chain. While other researchers have managed to employ this method on creatures from the recent past (up to 15 thousand years ago), in older animals there has generally not been enough nitrogen left to measure. Luckily, the enormous size and abundance of teeth of Megalodons and their relatives helped scientists find sufficient nitrogen traces to be able to clarify these creatures’ position in the food web.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“Teeth are designed to be chemically and physically resistant so they can survive in the very chemically reactive environment of the mouthu0026nbsp;and break apart food that can have hard parts,” explained study senior author Daniel Sigman, a professor of Geological and Geophysical Sciences at Princeton. Moreover, since sharks are constantly growing and losing teeth, they each produce thousands of teeth over their lifetime. “When you look in the geologic record, one of the most abundant fossil types are shark teeth,” Sigman added. “And within the teeth, there is a tiny amount of organic matter that was used to build the enamel of the teeth – and is now trapped within that enamel.”u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eBy measuring nitrogen isotope levels in this organic matter, Sigman and his team found that megatooth sharks occupied a higher trophic level than is known for any extinct or extant marine species. “Ocean food webs do tend to be longer than the grass-deer-wolf food chain of land animals, because you start with such small organisms. To reach the trophic levels we’re measuring in these megatooth sharks, we don’t just need to add one trophic level – one apex predator on top of the marine food chain – we need to add several onto the top of the modern marine food web,” Dr. Kast concluded.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe study is published in the journal u003ca href=”https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abl6529?adobe_mc=MCMID%3D49172270223902357213481499257602856343%7CMCORGID%3D242B6472541199F70A4C98A6%2540AdobeOrg%7CTS%3D1655978988u0026amp;_ga=2.140267444.64815737.1655711280-2046344334.1629960599″u003eu003cemu003eScience Advancesu003c/emu003eu003c/au003e.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e—u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”mailto:[email protected]”u003eu003cemu003eAndrei Ionescuu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/staff/”u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003e”,”post_title”:”Prehistoric megatooth sharks were apex predators”,”post_excerpt”:”A new study led by Princeton University has found that prehistoric megatooth sharks – the largest sharks that ever lived, including the famous Megalodon – were apex predators at the highest level ever measured”,”post_status”:”publish”,”comment_status”:”closed”,”ping_status”:”closed”,”post_password”:””,”post_name”:”prehistoric-megatooth-sharks-were-apex-predators”,”to_ping”:””,”pinged”:””,”post_modified”:”2022-06-23 07:47:28″,”post_modified_gmt”:”2022-06-23 13:47:28″,”post_content_filtered”:””,”post_parent”:0,”guid”:”https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909592″,”menu_order”:0,”post_type”:”news”,”post_mime_type”:””,”comment_count”:”0″,”filter”:”raw”,”formatted_date”:”06-23-2022″,”permalink”:”https://www.earth.com/news/prehistoric-megatooth-sharks-were-apex-predators/”,”author_name”:”Andrei Ionescu”,”author_url”:”http://earth.com”,”author_avatar”:”u003cimg alt=”” src=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd0b83647c92a32fc0e7bfc6ef606a6f?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g” srcset=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd0b83647c92a32fc0e7bfc6ef606a6f?s=64u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g 2x” class=”avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto” height=”32″ width=”32″ loading=’lazy’/u003e”,”thumb”:”https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/23074644/Megalodon4-270×180.jpg”,”terms”:false,”image”:{“width”:2560,”height”:1506,”file”:”2022/06/Megalodon4-scaled.jpg”,”sizes”:{“medium”:{“file”:”Megalodon4-300×176.jpg”,”width”:300,”height”:176,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”large”:{“file”:”Megalodon4-1024×602.jpg”,”width”:1024,”height”:602,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”thumbnail”:{“file”:”Megalodon4-150×150.jpg”,”width”:150,”height”:150,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”medium_large”:{“file”:”Megalodon4-768×452.jpg”,”width”:768,”height”:452,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”1536×1536″:{“file”:”Megalodon4-1536×904.jpg”,”width”:1536,”height”:904,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”2048×2048″:{“file”:”Megalodon4-2048×1205.jpg”,”width”:2048,”height”:1205,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”big-img”:{“file”:”Megalodon4-1400×850.jpg”,”width”:1400,”height”:850,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article”:{“file”:”Megalodon4-960×640.jpg”,”width”:960,”height”:640,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-smaller”:{“file”:”Megalodon4-640×480.jpg”,”width”:640,”height”:480,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-side”:{“file”:”Megalodon4-454×282.jpg”,”width”:454,”height”:282,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”media-article”:{“file”:”Megalodon4-450×300.jpg”,”width”:450,”height”:300,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”16-9-article”:{“file”:”Megalodon4-350×210.jpg”,”width”:350,”height”:210,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”4-3-article”:{“file”:”Megalodon4-425×375.jpg”,”width”:425,”height”:375,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”small-article”:{“file”:”Megalodon4-125×88.jpg”,”width”:125,”height”:88,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”side-article”:{“file”:”Megalodon4-270×180.jpg”,”width”:270,”height”:180,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”author-avatar”:{“file”:”Megalodon4-32×32.jpg”,”width”:32,”height”:32,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”secondary-article”:{“file”:”Megalodon4-360×240.jpg”,”width”:360,”height”:240,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”featured-article”:{“file”:”Megalodon4-730×410.jpg”,”width”:730,”height”:410,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”product-single-image”:{“file”:”Megalodon4-230×280.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:280,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”plant-small-image”:{“file”:”Megalodon4-230×260.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:260,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”}},”image_meta”:{“aperture”:”0″,”credit”:””,”camera”:””,”caption”:””,”created_timestamp”:”0″,”copyright”:””,”focal_length”:”0″,”iso”:”0″,”shutter_speed”:”0″,”title”:””,”orientation”:”1″,”keywords”:[]},”original_image”:”Megalodon4.jpg”},”trimmed_content”:”A new study led by Princeton University has found that…”},{“ID”:1909590,”post_author”:”59″,”post_date”:”2022-06-23 07:00:00″,”post_date_gmt”:”2022-06-23 13:00:00″,”post_content”:”u003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eMore than 90 percent of the world’s population breathes polluted air, with particulate matter concentrations above the safety threshold set by the u003ca href=”https://www.who.int/”u003eWorld Health Organizationu003c/au003e (WHO). An increasing number of studies have argued that exposure to u003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/news/air-pollution-is-deadlier-than-cigarettes-or-alcohol/”u003eair pollutionu003c/au003e can affect brain development. A research team led by u003ca href=”https://www.sfu.ca/”u003eSimon Fraser Universityu003c/au003e (SFU) in Canada has now investigated the benefits of using air filters to reduce the negative impact of air pollution on brain development in children.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eStarting in 2014, the scientists recruited 540 pregnant women in Ulaanbaattar, Mongolia (one of the cities with the worst air quality in the world) to participate in the u003ca href=”https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/abs/10.1289/isee.2014.P2-357″u003eUlaanbaatar Gestation and Air Pollution Researchu003c/au003e (UGAAR) study. The women – who were randomly assigned to either a control or an intervention group – were less than 18 weeks into their pregnancies, non-smokers, and had not previously used air filtering devices. Those in the intervention group were provided with one or two HEPA filter air cleaners and encouraged to run them continuously during their pregnancies.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eBy measuring the children’s full-scale intelligent quotient (FSIQ) at four years of age, the scientists found that those born to mothers who had used the air cleaners had an average FSIQ which was 2.8-points higher than the children born to mothers in the control group.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“These results, combined with evidence from previous studies, strongly implicate air pollution as a threat to brain development,” said study senior author Ryan Allen, a professor of Environmental Health at SFU. “But the good news is that reducing exposure had clear benefits.”u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eChildren whose mothers had used the air filters were also found to have significantly greater average verbal comprehension index scores – a result consistent with those of previous observational studies. These findings suggest that children’s verbal skills may be particularly sensitive to exposure to air pollution. Thus, reducing pollution during pregnancy could be an efficient way of improving children’s cognitive development around the world.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“Air pollution is everywhere, and it is preventing children from reaching their full potential. Air cleaners may provide some protection, but ultimately the only way to protect all children is to reduce emissions,” concluded Professor Allen.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe study is published in the journalu003cemu003e u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/EHP10302″u003eu003cemu003eEnvironmental Health Perspectivesu003c/emu003eu003c/au003e.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e—u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”mailto:[email protected]”u003eu003cemu003eAndrei Ionescuu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/staff/”u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003e”,”post_title”:”Reducing air pollution boosts brain development in children”,”post_excerpt”:”A research team led by Simon Fraser University (SFU) in Canada has now investigated the benefits of using air filters to reduce the negative impact of air pollution on brain development in children.”,”post_status”:”publish”,”comment_status”:”closed”,”ping_status”:”closed”,”post_password”:””,”post_name”:”reducing-air-pollution-boosts-brain-development-in-children”,”to_ping”:””,”pinged”:””,”post_modified”:”2022-06-23 07:12:52″,”post_modified_gmt”:”2022-06-23 13:12:52″,”post_content_filtered”:””,”post_parent”:0,”guid”:”https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909590″,”menu_order”:0,”post_type”:”news”,”post_mime_type”:””,”comment_count”:”0″,”filter”:”raw”,”formatted_date”:”06-23-2022″,”permalink”:”https://www.earth.com/news/reducing-air-pollution-boosts-brain-development-in-children/”,”author_name”:”Andrei Ionescu”,”author_url”:”http://earth.com”,”author_avatar”:”u003cimg alt=”” src=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd0b83647c92a32fc0e7bfc6ef606a6f?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g” srcset=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd0b83647c92a32fc0e7bfc6ef606a6f?s=64u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g 2x” class=”avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto” height=”32″ width=”32″ loading=’lazy’/u003e”,”thumb”:”https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/23071215/Children-4-270×180.jpg”,”terms”:false,”image”:{“width”:2560,”height”:1707,”file”:”2022/06/Children-4-scaled.jpg”,”sizes”:{“medium”:{“file”:”Children-4-300×200.jpg”,”width”:300,”height”:200,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”large”:{“file”:”Children-4-1024×683.jpg”,”width”:1024,”height”:683,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”thumbnail”:{“file”:”Children-4-150×150.jpg”,”width”:150,”height”:150,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”medium_large”:{“file”:”Children-4-768×512.jpg”,”width”:768,”height”:512,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”1536×1536″:{“file”:”Children-4-1536×1024.jpg”,”width”:1536,”height”:1024,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”2048×2048″:{“file”:”Children-4-2048×1366.jpg”,”width”:2048,”height”:1366,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”big-img”:{“file”:”Children-4-1400×850.jpg”,”width”:1400,”height”:850,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article”:{“file”:”Children-4-960×640.jpg”,”width”:960,”height”:640,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-smaller”:{“file”:”Children-4-640×480.jpg”,”width”:640,”height”:480,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-side”:{“file”:”Children-4-454×282.jpg”,”width”:454,”height”:282,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”media-article”:{“file”:”Children-4-450×300.jpg”,”width”:450,”height”:300,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”16-9-article”:{“file”:”Children-4-350×210.jpg”,”width”:350,”height”:210,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”4-3-article”:{“file”:”Children-4-425×375.jpg”,”width”:425,”height”:375,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”small-article”:{“file”:”Children-4-125×88.jpg”,”width”:125,”height”:88,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”side-article”:{“file”:”Children-4-270×180.jpg”,”width”:270,”height”:180,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”author-avatar”:{“file”:”Children-4-32×32.jpg”,”width”:32,”height”:32,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”secondary-article”:{“file”:”Children-4-360×240.jpg”,”width”:360,”height”:240,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”featured-article”:{“file”:”Children-4-730×410.jpg”,”width”:730,”height”:410,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”product-single-image”:{“file”:”Children-4-230×280.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:280,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”plant-small-image”:{“file”:”Children-4-230×260.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:260,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”}},”image_meta”:{“aperture”:”0″,”credit”:””,”camera”:””,”caption”:””,”created_timestamp”:”0″,”copyright”:””,”focal_length”:”0″,”iso”:”0″,”shutter_speed”:”0″,”title”:””,”orientation”:”1″,”keywords”:[]},”original_image”:”Children-4.jpg”},”trimmed_content”:”More than 90 percent of the world’s population breathes polluted…”},{“ID”:1909585,”post_author”:”59″,”post_date”:”2022-06-23 05:00:00″,”post_date_gmt”:”2022-06-23 11:00:00″,”post_content”:”u003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eScientists have long known that trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis, and convert it into oxygen and sugar, thus acting as powerful u003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/news/new-carbon-sinks-may-be-appearing-in-the-arctic/”u003ecarbonu003c/au003e sinks. For instance, the Amazon rainforest alone is estimated to have sequestered 1.7 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide over the past two decades. However, several new studies have found that, rather than working in isolation, trees are entangled with, and work alongside, a vast community of micro-fungi.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eAccording to a study published in the journal u003ca href=”https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaf4610″u003eScienceu003c/au003e in 2016, ectomycorrhizal fungi enable certain trees to absorb carbon dioxide faster, through a process known as “the CO2 fertilization effect.” These fungi live in the root systems of trees, helping their hosts absorb more water, carbon, and other nutrients, while slowing the processes of decomposition, and thus postponing the release of CO2 into the atmosphere.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThese findings have already played a crucial role in agriculture, where seeding the soil with “friendly fungi” has become a promising technology for future sustainable farming. Researchers have found that one particular variety – the Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) – can significantly enrich soil fertility, while reducing CO2 levels in the atmosphere. Thus, such “biofertilizers” could provide a more sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers, which can run into and pollute nearby water sources.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eMoreover, according to Dr. Colin Averill, a senior scientist at u003ca href=”https://ethz.ch/en.html”u003eETH Zurichu003c/au003e in Switzerland, chemical fertilizers break down the symbiosis between fungi and plant roots.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eUnfortunately, widespread deforestation annihilates the fungi along with their host trees, disrupting this whole underground, climate-change fighting ecosystem. However, this system could be repaired and the fungal networks restored by transplanting soil from rich, biodiverse “donor” sites.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eRecently, a non-profit organization called the u003ca href=”https://spun.earth/”u003eSociety for the Protection of Underground Networksu003c/au003e (Spun) has been established in order to map these microscopic fungal networks and clarify their crucial role in protecting our soils. This project is a first step towards what scientists have called an “underground climate movement” aiming to safeguard this ancient life support system that plays such a major role in our fight against climate change.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e—u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”mailto:[email protected]”u003eu003cemu003eAndrei Ionescuu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/staff/”u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu0026nbsp;u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003e”,”post_title”:”Microscopic fungi help forests fight climate change”,”post_excerpt”:”However, several new studies have found that, rather than working in isolation, trees are entangled with, and work alongside, a vast community of micro-fungi.”,”post_status”:”publish”,”comment_status”:”closed”,”ping_status”:”closed”,”post_password”:””,”post_name”:”microscopic-fungi-help-forests-fight-climate-change”,”to_ping”:””,”pinged”:””,”post_modified”:”2022-06-23 05:50:10″,”post_modified_gmt”:”2022-06-23 11:50:10″,”post_content_filtered”:””,”post_parent”:0,”guid”:”https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909585″,”menu_order”:0,”post_type”:”news”,”post_mime_type”:””,”comment_count”:”0″,”filter”:”raw”,”formatted_date”:”06-23-2022″,”permalink”:”https://www.earth.com/news/microscopic-fungi-help-forests-fight-climate-change/”,”author_name”:”Andrei Ionescu”,”author_url”:”http://earth.com”,”author_avatar”:”u003cimg alt=”” src=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd0b83647c92a32fc0e7bfc6ef606a6f?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g” srcset=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bd0b83647c92a32fc0e7bfc6ef606a6f?s=64u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g 2x” class=”avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto” height=”32″ width=”32″ loading=’lazy’/u003e”,”thumb”:”https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/23054924/Fungi2-270×180.jpg”,”terms”:false,”image”:{“width”:2560,”height”:1618,”file”:”2022/06/Fungi2-scaled.jpg”,”sizes”:{“medium”:{“file”:”Fungi2-300×190.jpg”,”width”:300,”height”:190,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”large”:{“file”:”Fungi2-1024×647.jpg”,”width”:1024,”height”:647,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”thumbnail”:{“file”:”Fungi2-150×150.jpg”,”width”:150,”height”:150,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”medium_large”:{“file”:”Fungi2-768×485.jpg”,”width”:768,”height”:485,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”1536×1536″:{“file”:”Fungi2-1536×971.jpg”,”width”:1536,”height”:971,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”2048×2048″:{“file”:”Fungi2-2048×1294.jpg”,”width”:2048,”height”:1294,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”big-img”:{“file”:”Fungi2-1400×850.jpg”,”width”:1400,”height”:850,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article”:{“file”:”Fungi2-960×640.jpg”,”width”:960,”height”:640,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-smaller”:{“file”:”Fungi2-640×480.jpg”,”width”:640,”height”:480,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-side”:{“file”:”Fungi2-454×282.jpg”,”width”:454,”height”:282,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”media-article”:{“file”:”Fungi2-450×300.jpg”,”width”:450,”height”:300,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”16-9-article”:{“file”:”Fungi2-350×210.jpg”,”width”:350,”height”:210,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”4-3-article”:{“file”:”Fungi2-425×375.jpg”,”width”:425,”height”:375,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”small-article”:{“file”:”Fungi2-125×88.jpg”,”width”:125,”height”:88,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”side-article”:{“file”:”Fungi2-270×180.jpg”,”width”:270,”height”:180,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”author-avatar”:{“file”:”Fungi2-32×32.jpg”,”width”:32,”height”:32,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”secondary-article”:{“file”:”Fungi2-360×240.jpg”,”width”:360,”height”:240,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”featured-article”:{“file”:”Fungi2-730×410.jpg”,”width”:730,”height”:410,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”product-single-image”:{“file”:”Fungi2-230×280.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:280,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”plant-small-image”:{“file”:”Fungi2-230×260.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:260,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”}},”image_meta”:{“aperture”:”0″,”credit”:””,”camera”:””,”caption”:””,”created_timestamp”:”0″,”copyright”:””,”focal_length”:”0″,”iso”:”0″,”shutter_speed”:”0″,”title”:””,”orientation”:”1″,”keywords”:[]},”original_image”:”Fungi2.jpg”},”trimmed_content”:”Scientists have long known that trees absorb carbon dioxide from…”},{“ID”:1909580,”post_author”:”13″,”post_date”:”2022-06-22 17:00:00″,”post_date_gmt”:”2022-06-22 23:00:00″,”post_content”:”u003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe active ingredients in prescription and over-the-counter drugs are often released into the environment, particularly into the surface of freshwater ecosystems. In a recent study published by u003ca href=”https://www.wiley.com/en-us”u003eWileyu003c/au003e, experts have found evidence which suggests that pharmaceutical pollution has exploded into a widespread issue that is impacting the health of rivers worldwide.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e”During their production, use, and disposal, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are released into aquatic systems. Because they are biologically active molecules, APIs have the potential to adversely affect nontarget organisms,” wrote the study authors.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e”We used the results of a global monitoring study of 61 APIs alongside available ecotoxicological and pharmacological data to assess the potential ecotoxicological effects of APIs in rivers across the world.”u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe study was focused on 258 rivers across the globe, including the Thames and the Amazon. Overall, the experts analyzed rivers in 104 countries, which is more than half of the world’s countries. In 36 of these countries, rivers have never been previously monitored for pharmaceuticals.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe researchers looked for the presence of 61 pharmaceuticals, including carbamazepine, metformin and caffeine. According to the results of the study, approximately 43.5 percent of the 1,052 locations that were assessed had concerning levels of pharmaceutical ingredients.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eOverall, 23 pharmaceutical ingredients occurred at concentrations which exceed what is deemed “safe” by experts. These ingredients included substances from antidepressants, antihistamines, and painkillers.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“This is the first truly global assessment of the impacts of single pharmaceuticals and mixtures of pharmaceuticals in riverine systems,” said study co-author Alejandra Bouzas-Monroy, a PhD student at the u003ca href=”https://www.york.ac.uk/”u003eUniversity of Yorku003c/au003e. “Our findings show that a very high proportion of rivers around the world are at threat from pharmaceutical pollution. We should therefore be doing much more to reduce the emissions of these substances into the environment.” u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe study is published in the journal u003ca href=”https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.5355″u003eu003cemu003eEnvironmental Toxicology and Chemistryu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e.u003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003e-u003c/emu003eu003cemu003e–u003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”http://[email protected]”u003eu003cemu003eChrissy Sextonu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/staff/”u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003e”,”post_title”:”Pharmaceuticals are now widespread in the world’s rivers”,”post_excerpt”:”experts have found evidence which suggests that pharmaceutical pollution has exploded into a widespread issue that is impacting the health of rivers worldwide. “,”post_status”:”publish”,”comment_status”:”closed”,”ping_status”:”closed”,”post_password”:””,”post_name”:”pharmaceuticals-are-now-widespread-in-the-worlds-rivers”,”to_ping”:””,”pinged”:””,”post_modified”:”2022-06-22 17:52:25″,”post_modified_gmt”:”2022-06-22 23:52:25″,”post_content_filtered”:””,”post_parent”:0,”guid”:”https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909580″,”menu_order”:0,”post_type”:”news”,”post_mime_type”:””,”comment_count”:”0″,”filter”:”raw”,”formatted_date”:”06-22-2022″,”permalink”:”https://www.earth.com/news/pharmaceuticals-are-now-widespread-in-the-worlds-rivers/”,”author_name”:”Chrissy Sexton”,”author_url”:””,”author_avatar”:”u003cimg alt=”” src=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99e13e72878f1ac7d5eab2e249235cca?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g” srcset=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/99e13e72878f1ac7d5eab2e249235cca?s=64u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g 2x” class=”avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto” height=”32″ width=”32″ loading=’lazy’/u003e”,”thumb”:”https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/22175031/Pharmaceutical-pollution-270×180.jpg”,”terms”:false,”image”:{“width”:2560,”height”:1670,”file”:”2022/06/Pharmaceutical-pollution-scaled.jpg”,”sizes”:{“medium”:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-300×196.jpg”,”width”:300,”height”:196,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”large”:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-1024×668.jpg”,”width”:1024,”height”:668,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”thumbnail”:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-150×150.jpg”,”width”:150,”height”:150,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”medium_large”:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-768×501.jpg”,”width”:768,”height”:501,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”1536×1536″:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-1536×1002.jpg”,”width”:1536,”height”:1002,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”2048×2048″:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-2048×1336.jpg”,”width”:2048,”height”:1336,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”big-img”:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-1400×850.jpg”,”width”:1400,”height”:850,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article”:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-960×640.jpg”,”width”:960,”height”:640,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-smaller”:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-640×480.jpg”,”width”:640,”height”:480,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-side”:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-454×282.jpg”,”width”:454,”height”:282,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”media-article”:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-450×300.jpg”,”width”:450,”height”:300,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”16-9-article”:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-350×210.jpg”,”width”:350,”height”:210,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”4-3-article”:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-425×375.jpg”,”width”:425,”height”:375,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”small-article”:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-125×88.jpg”,”width”:125,”height”:88,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”side-article”:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-270×180.jpg”,”width”:270,”height”:180,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”author-avatar”:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-32×32.jpg”,”width”:32,”height”:32,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”secondary-article”:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-360×240.jpg”,”width”:360,”height”:240,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”featured-article”:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-730×410.jpg”,”width”:730,”height”:410,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”product-single-image”:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-230×280.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:280,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”plant-small-image”:{“file”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution-230×260.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:260,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”}},”image_meta”:{“aperture”:”0″,”credit”:””,”camera”:””,”caption”:””,”created_timestamp”:”0″,”copyright”:””,”focal_length”:”0″,”iso”:”0″,”shutter_speed”:”0″,”title”:””,”orientation”:”1″,”keywords”:[]},”original_image”:”Pharmaceutical-pollution.jpg”},”trimmed_content”:”The active ingredients in prescription and over-the-counter drugs are often…”},{“ID”:1909578,”post_author”:”57″,”post_date”:”2022-06-22 16:00:00″,”post_date_gmt”:”2022-06-22 22:00:00″,”post_content”:”u003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eMillions of people, the world over, suffer each day from headaches. In the U.S. alone, around 16 percent of the population report having headaches within the past year, and more than 8 million Americans visit the doctor annually complaining of headaches. There are different types of headaches, and different types of treatments for this painful and debilitating ailment that affects so many people.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eA recent study published inu0026nbsp;u003ca href=”http://www.neurology.org/”u003eu003cemu003eNeurologyu003c/emu003eu003c/au003e, the medical journal of theu0026nbsp;u003ca href=”https://www.aan.com/”u003eAmerican Academy of Neurologyu003c/au003e, has tested whether acupuncture can be used to reduce the frequency of tension-type headaches in particular. These headaches are characterized by dull pain around the sides and back of the head. Sufferers say that the sensation is reminiscent of having a band of pressure squeezing around one’s head with mild to moderate intensity. Tension headaches do not get worse with physical activity and are not associated with nausea. The condition is considered chronic when headaches occur on at least 15 days per month.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“Tension-type headaches are one of the most common types of headaches and people who have a lot of these headaches may be looking for alternatives to medication,” said study author Dr. Ying Li of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. “Our study found that acupuncture reduces the average number of headache days per month for those struggling with these painful and disruptive headache attacks.”u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eIn order to test whether acupuncture reduced the frequency of headache attacks, the researchers identified 218 people who suffered from chronic tension-type headaches, to take part in research. On average, the participants had suffered from these headaches for a total of 11 years and currently experienced headaches on 22 days of each month.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe participants were randomly assigned to two groups, one that received treatment using true acupuncture and one that received only superficial acupuncture. True acupuncture treatments involved achieving a deqiu003cemu003eu0026nbsp;u003c/emu003esensation, which requires the practitioner to place and move a needle in the body to reach a tingling, numb, or heavy feeling. The superficial treatments did not penetrate as deeply and thus did not achieve the deqi sensation.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eBoth groups received two or three sessions per week over a period of two months; this gave a total of 20 sessions. Participants were then monitored for an additional six months. Apart from receiving acupuncture, the participants had to record their symptoms and use of medication in a diary. They also visited the clinic once a month.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe results of the study showed that all participants benefitted from acupuncture treatment. Overall, participants recorded a reduction of 50 percent in the number of days they experienced headaches. At the end of the study, 68 percent of the people receiving true acupuncture reported at least a 50 percent reduction in the monthly number of headache days. In comparison, only 50 percent of the people who received superficial acupuncture reported a similar improvement. The number of headache days experienced decreased gradually after the completion of treatment.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eFor those who received true acupuncture, headache days decreased from an average of 20 days per month at the beginning of the study to seven days per month by the end of the study. For those who received superficial acupuncture, headache days decreased from an average of 23 days per month at the beginning of the study to 12 days per month at the end of the study.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThere were no serious side effects of the treatments during the study, although the study authors say the participants for the research all came from the same hospital and thus the results may not be generalizable to all populations.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e“While this study showed that acupuncture can reduce headaches, more research is needed to determine the longer-term effectiveness of acupuncture and how it compares to other treatment options,” said Dr. Li. “In comparing treatment options, cost-effectiveness is another important factor to evaluate.”u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e—u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”mailto:[email protected]”u003eu003cemu003eAlison Bosmanu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/staff/”u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003e”,”post_title”:”Acupuncture is a potential treatment for debilitating headaches”,”post_excerpt”:”In the U.S. alone, around 16 percent of the population report having headaches within the past year, and more than 8 million Americans visit the doctor annually complaining of headaches”,”post_status”:”publish”,”comment_status”:”closed”,”ping_status”:”closed”,”post_password”:””,”post_name”:”acupuncture-is-a-potential-treatment-for-debilitating-headaches”,”to_ping”:””,”pinged”:””,”post_modified”:”2022-06-22 16:19:28″,”post_modified_gmt”:”2022-06-22 22:19:28″,”post_content_filtered”:””,”post_parent”:0,”guid”:”https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909578″,”menu_order”:0,”post_type”:”news”,”post_mime_type”:””,”comment_count”:”0″,”filter”:”raw”,”formatted_date”:”06-22-2022″,”permalink”:”https://www.earth.com/news/acupuncture-is-a-potential-treatment-for-debilitating-headaches/”,”author_name”:”Alison Bosman”,”author_url”:””,”author_avatar”:”u003cimg alt=”” src=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a33f7e6b2104c5708420301534070584?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g” srcset=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a33f7e6b2104c5708420301534070584?s=64u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g 2x” class=”avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto” height=”32″ width=”32″ loading=’lazy’/u003e”,”thumb”:”https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/22161859/Acupuncture-270×180.jpg”,”terms”:false,”image”:{“width”:2560,”height”:1707,”file”:”2022/06/Acupuncture-scaled.jpg”,”sizes”:{“medium”:{“file”:”Acupuncture-300×200.jpg”,”width”:300,”height”:200,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”large”:{“file”:”Acupuncture-1024×683.jpg”,”width”:1024,”height”:683,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”thumbnail”:{“file”:”Acupuncture-150×150.jpg”,”width”:150,”height”:150,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”medium_large”:{“file”:”Acupuncture-768×512.jpg”,”width”:768,”height”:512,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”1536×1536″:{“file”:”Acupuncture-1536×1024.jpg”,”width”:1536,”height”:1024,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”2048×2048″:{“file”:”Acupuncture-2048×1365.jpg”,”width”:2048,”height”:1365,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”big-img”:{“file”:”Acupuncture-1400×850.jpg”,”width”:1400,”height”:850,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article”:{“file”:”Acupuncture-960×640.jpg”,”width”:960,”height”:640,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-smaller”:{“file”:”Acupuncture-640×480.jpg”,”width”:640,”height”:480,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-side”:{“file”:”Acupuncture-454×282.jpg”,”width”:454,”height”:282,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”media-article”:{“file”:”Acupuncture-450×300.jpg”,”width”:450,”height”:300,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”16-9-article”:{“file”:”Acupuncture-350×210.jpg”,”width”:350,”height”:210,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”4-3-article”:{“file”:”Acupuncture-425×375.jpg”,”width”:425,”height”:375,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”small-article”:{“file”:”Acupuncture-125×88.jpg”,”width”:125,”height”:88,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”side-article”:{“file”:”Acupuncture-270×180.jpg”,”width”:270,”height”:180,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”author-avatar”:{“file”:”Acupuncture-32×32.jpg”,”width”:32,”height”:32,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”secondary-article”:{“file”:”Acupuncture-360×240.jpg”,”width”:360,”height”:240,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”featured-article”:{“file”:”Acupuncture-730×410.jpg”,”width”:730,”height”:410,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”product-single-image”:{“file”:”Acupuncture-230×280.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:280,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”plant-small-image”:{“file”:”Acupuncture-230×260.jpg”,”width”:230,”height”:260,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”}},”image_meta”:{“aperture”:”0″,”credit”:”Shutterstock”,”camera”:””,”caption”:””,”created_timestamp”:”0″,”copyright”:”Copyright (c) 2017 Africa Studio/Shutterstock. No use without permission.”,”focal_length”:”0″,”iso”:”0″,”shutter_speed”:”0″,”title”:”Acupuncture,Needles,With,Stones,On,Bamboo,Mat”,”orientation”:”0″,”keywords”:[]},”original_image”:”Acupuncture.jpg”},”trimmed_content”:”Millions of people, the world over, suffer each day from…”},{“ID”:1909576,”post_author”:”57″,”post_date”:”2022-06-22 13:00:00″,”post_date_gmt”:”2022-06-22 19:00:00″,”post_content”:”u003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe health benefits of eating a balanced, u003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/news/plant-based-diets-reduce-the-risk-of-severe-covid-19/”u003eplant-based dietu003c/au003e are being discussed more and more frequently in scientific literature, as the number of people embracing meat-free diets increases. In addition, plant protein is now used to create alternatives to meat that resemble anything from fried chicken strips to burger patties. The production of these substitutes does not harm any animals and gives rise to less greenhouse gases, which makes it more environmentally friendly. However, it is not known whether human cells absorb plant- and animal-derived proteins equally well.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eIn a study published by the u003ca href=”https://www.acs.org/”u003eAmerican Chemical Societyu003c/au003e, a team led by Osvaldo Campanella from The Ohio State University and Da Chen from the University of Idaho tested whether human cells can absorb similar amounts of digested proteins from a model meat alternative as they can from a piece of chicken. Previous research has shown that plant-based substitutes do not break down into their constituent molecules as easily as animal meats do during digestion, but the researchers aimed to test the extent of protein absorption as well.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003ePlant-based meat substitutes are manufactured to look and feel like animal meat. To achieve this, the plants are dehydrated and ground into powder form. They are mixed with spices, heated and moistened, before being pressed through an extruder to achieve the desired texture and appearance. They are usually considered to be healthier than animal meats because they contain less saturated fats but have a comparable level of protein.u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe researchers made a model meat alternative out of soy and wheat gluten, using this extrusion process. Both these plant seeds are considered to be sources of quality proteins and when they are pressed out of an extruder they take on a texture that is very similar to that of chicken. When cut open, the material has long fibrous pieces inside, just like chicken.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eCooked pieces of chicken meat, and of the substitute plant-based product were then ground up in the lab and mixed with an enzyme that humans use to digest proteins. Proteins are very long molecules and enzyme action during digestion breaks them down into smaller fragments known as peptides.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe tests showed that meat-substitute peptides were less water-soluble than those from chicken, and they were also not absorbed as well by the human cells. This means that, despite the fact that plant foods may contain sufficient protein to start with, the proteins may not be broken down and absorbed adequately in the human digestive system.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe researchers say the next step is to identify other ingredients that could help facilitate the peptide uptake from plant-based meat substitutes, in the same way that vitamin C has been shown to boost iron uptake.u0026nbsp;u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eThe research was funded by the College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences at The Ohio State University. The study is published in the u003ca href=”https://pubs.acs.org/journal/jafcau”u003eu003cemu003eJournal of Agricultural and Food Chemistryu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e.u003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003e—u003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003ennu003c!– wp:paragraph –u003enu003cpu003eu003cemu003eBy u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”mailto:[email protected]”u003eu003cemu003eAlison Bosmanu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e, u003c/emu003eu003ca href=”https://www.earth.com/staff/”u003eu003cemu003eEarth.comu003c/emu003eu003c/au003eu003cemu003e Staff Writeru003c/emu003eu003c/pu003enu003c!– /wp:paragraph –u003e”,”post_title”:”Human cells absorb less protein from plant-based “meat””,”post_excerpt”:”In addition, plant protein is now used to create alternatives to meat that resemble anything from fried chicken strips to burger patties”,”post_status”:”publish”,”comment_status”:”closed”,”ping_status”:”closed”,”post_password”:””,”post_name”:”human-cells-absorb-less-protein-from-plant-based-meat”,”to_ping”:””,”pinged”:””,”post_modified”:”2022-06-22 13:23:46″,”post_modified_gmt”:”2022-06-22 19:23:46″,”post_content_filtered”:””,”post_parent”:0,”guid”:”https://www.earth.com/?post_type=newsu0026#038;p=1909576″,”menu_order”:0,”post_type”:”news”,”post_mime_type”:””,”comment_count”:”0″,”filter”:”raw”,”formatted_date”:”06-22-2022″,”permalink”:”https://www.earth.com/news/human-cells-absorb-less-protein-from-plant-based-meat/”,”author_name”:”Alison Bosman”,”author_url”:””,”author_avatar”:”u003cimg alt=”” src=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a33f7e6b2104c5708420301534070584?s=32u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g” srcset=”https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a33f7e6b2104c5708420301534070584?s=64u0026#038;d=mmu0026#038;r=g 2x” class=”avatar avatar-32 photo img-fluid rounded-circle w-auto” height=”32″ width=”32″ loading=’lazy’/u003e”,”thumb”:”https://cff2.earth.com/uploads/2022/06/22132134/Plant-protein-270×180.jpg”,”terms”:false,”image”:{“width”:2560,”height”:1703,”file”:”2022/06/Plant-protein-scaled.jpg”,”sizes”:{“medium”:{“file”:”Plant-protein-300×200.jpg”,”width”:300,”height”:200,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”large”:{“file”:”Plant-protein-1024×681.jpg”,”width”:1024,”height”:681,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”thumbnail”:{“file”:”Plant-protein-150×150.jpg”,”width”:150,”height”:150,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”medium_large”:{“file”:”Plant-protein-768×511.jpg”,”width”:768,”height”:511,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”1536×1536″:{“file”:”Plant-protein-1536×1022.jpg”,”width”:1536,”height”:1022,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”2048×2048″:{“file”:”Plant-protein-2048×1363.jpg”,”width”:2048,”height”:1363,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”big-img”:{“file”:”Plant-protein-1400×850.jpg”,”width”:1400,”height”:850,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article”:{“file”:”Plant-protein-960×640.jpg”,”width”:960,”height”:640,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-smaller”:{“file”:”Plant-protein-640×480.jpg”,”width”:640,”height”:480,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”main-article-side”:{“file”:”Plant-protein-454×282.jpg”,”width”:454,”height”:282,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”media-article”:{“file”:”Plant-protein-450×300.jpg”,”width”:450,”height”:300,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”16-9-article”:{“file”:”Plant-protein-350×210.jpg”,”width”:350,”height”:210,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”4-3-article”:{“file”:”Plant-protein-425×375.jpg”,”width”:425,”height”:375,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”small-article”:{“file”:”Plant-protein-125×88.jpg”,”width”:125,”height”:88,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”side-article”:{“file”:”Plant-protein-270×180.jpg”,”width”:270,”height”:180,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”author-avatar”:{“file”:”Plant-protein-32×32.jpg”,”width”:32,”height”:32,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”},”secondary-article”:{“file”:”Plant-protein-360×240.jpg”,”width”:360,”height”:240,”mime-type”:”image/jpeg”}},”image_meta”:{“aperture”:”0″,”credit”:””,”camera”:””,”caption”:””,”created_timestamp”:”0″,”copyright”:””,”focal_length”:”0″,”iso”:”0″,”shutter_speed”:”0″,”title”:””,”orientation”:”1″,”keywords”:[]},”original_image”:”Plant-protein.jpg”},”trimmed_content”:”The health benefits of eating a balanced, plant-based diet are…”}]}}},”page”:”/news/[slug]”,”query”:{“slug”:”tourism-boosts-physical-and-mental-well-being”},”buildId”:”wPa_qD-S5RZ4zwuo5aPM2″,”isFallback”:false,”gssp”:true,”appGip”:true,”scriptLoader”:[]}

Share on Facebook

Tweet