One million blood cancer cases are reported every year in India. There are many types of cancer, but among all types of cancer, blood cancer is more deadly, which is called in medical language. leukemia (Leukemia). The main types of blood cancer are leukemia, lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) and multiple myeloma. All of these have different effects on the body, but some of their signs and symptoms may be similar, which should not be ignored.
- myeloma A form of blood cancer that affects plasma cells. These plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) normally reside in the bone marrow within the body and help protect the body from infection.
- lymphoma Lymphoma is a type of blood cancer that begins in lymphocytes which are infection-fighting cells of the immune system and usually affects the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system helps protect against diseases. these cells spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, are present in the thymus and other parts of the body. There are two types of lymphoma – Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
- leukemia Leukemia is a type of blood cancer that affects the white blood cells of the body. It occurs when the body makes too many defective white blood cells and interferes with the bone marrow’s ability to make red blood cells and platelets. White blood cells are essential for our body as they help in fighting diseases.
What are the symptoms of blood cancer?
There are no major symptoms of blood cancer. Also your physical signs can vary depending on the type of blood cancer you have. The common symptoms of blood cancer are as follows-
- extreme tiredness and weakness
- difficulty breathing
- Dizziness
- yellowing of the skin
- Pain in chest
- bleeding gums
- small red spots on the skin due to burst blood vessels
- heavy periods
- black stools or blood in the stool
- fever and profuse night sweats
- unnecessary weight loss
- bone pain
- nausea with abdominal pain
- being very thirsty
- loss of appetite
- swollen ankles
- itchy skin
- numbness and pain in extremities
Blood cancer stage.
There are mainly 4 stages of cancer, they are as follows:
- Stage-1 Lymph nodes also increase due to sudden increase in the number of lymphocytes. This stage carries less risk than others and cancer is curable in this stage as the development of metastasis does not start completely in this stage.
- Stage-2: In this stage, the body parts of the patient like spleen, liver and lymph nodes get enlarged. Not all the organs are affected at the same time, rather the cancer attacks these organs gradually.
- Stage-3: In this stage, the patient becomes a victim of anemia and spleen, liver and lymph nodes are affected by cancer. More than two organs are definitely affected in this stage.
- Stage-4 : What happens in the last stage of blood cancer? This is the last stage in which the effect of cancer on the body is very severe (symptoms of the last stage of blood cancer) and the chances of death of the patient are very high because blood platelets start falling very fast. In this stage, along with the lungs, other important organs get affected by cancer cells.
How are the treatments for blood cancer?
- stem cell transplantationIn this procedure, stem cells from bone marrow, peripheral blood or umbilical cord are collected and infused with healthy blood-forming cells.
- chemotherapy: It involves the use of anti-cancer drugs, which stop the growth of cancer cells. These drugs are given to the patient through an injection or orally. In some cases, chemotherapy may require multiple drugs to be taken at the same time. In some cases, a blood cancer patient may first undergo chemotherapy and then stem cell transplantation.
- radiation therapy: It involves the use of radiation to destroy cancer cells and hence radiation therapy may be advised before stem cell transplant.
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