Diabetes and Risk of Dementia: How High Blood Sugar Levels May Lead to Poor Brain Health

High blood sugar levels have twice the risk of a person developing dementia compared to those with normal levels.

Living with underlying conditions like diabetes is not easy. There is a whole book of rules that must be followed to control blood sugar levels and maintain a regular lifestyle. Along with this, sometimes comorbidities also put the person at more risk for other health conditions. In the case of diabetes, there have been studies indicating how high blood sugar levels may be related to cognitive decline and dementia risk. The medical term for high blood sugar is hyperglycemia, which refers to the body’s inability to process glucose efficiently. This can lead to various health problems, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, and cognitive dysfunction.

High blood sugar and dementia risk: What does a new study find?

• Research has found that high blood sugar levels can lead to reduced cognitive function and an increased risk of developing dementia.
• In fact, people with elevated blood sugar levels are twice as likely to develop dementia compared to those with normal levels.
• Diabetes is associated with cognitive decline leading to dementia in both animal and human models of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and T2DM, the latter associated with a 50% increased risk of dementia, a condition that has been associated with attention problems. , processing and motor speed, executive functioning and verbal memory.
• Among the components of metabolic syndrome, hyperglycemia has the strongest association with the risk of developing cognitive decline.

Understanding the link between diabetes, cognitive decline and dementia?

Sharing the expert opinion on the same, india.com spoke with Dr. Sai Krishna Chaitanya P, Consultant Endocrinologist, Tirupati. Dr Chaitanya said: “The connection between high blood sugar and cognitive decline lies in the impact of high blood sugar on the brain. Excess glucose can damage the blood vessels in the brain, reducing blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain. This can cause inflammation and oxidative stress, which can damage brain cells and lead to cognitive decline.”

Expert Tips for Maintaining a Healthy Blood Sugar Level

Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels through diet and exercise is crucial to reducing the risk of developing cognitive decline due to high blood sugar.

1. A healthy diet low in sugar and carbohydrates can help keep blood sugar levels stable.
2. Regular exercise can improve insulin sensitivity and regulate blood sugar levels.
3. If you have been diagnosed with diabetes or prediabetes, it is essential that you work with your health care provider to control your blood sugar levels.
4. This may require lifestyle changes, medication, or a combination of both.
5. Hydration is the golden rule: it is important to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day. Carrying small bottles of water or low-calorie sports drinks that replenish electrolytes can help you avoid becoming dehydrated during physical activity. Aim for at least two liters of water per day.

High blood sugar levels are a huge risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. By maintaining healthy blood sugar levels through diet and exercise, people can reduce the likelihood of developing these conditions and protect their brain health. If you are concerned about your high blood sugar levels, talk with your healthcare provider to explore ways to manage them and maintain optimal cognitive function.