Although there are many types of cancer-related diseases, in this article we will talk about Anal Cancer is an unusual type of cancer that occurs in the anal canal. The anal canal, also known as the anal canal in Hindi, is a small tube at the end of the rectum through which stool passes out of the body. Some people feel symptoms like bleeding and pain from the rectum when they have anal cancer.
During Anal Cancer Treatment, most people are given both chemotherapy and radiation therapy together. Although combining anal cancer treatments increases the chances of a cure, combining the two therapies also increases the risk of side effects. Let us tell you how much is the cost of anal cancer treatment.
The average cost of Anal Cancer Treatment in India is around Rupee. 2,50,000 to Rs.5,50,000 Till then. However, its cost may vary in hospitals in different cities.
Which are the best hospitals for the treatment of anal cancer? (Best Hospitals for Anal Cancer Treatment in Hindi)
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What are the types of anal cancer? (What are the types of anal cancer in Hindi)
Many types of tumors can also be found in the anus. While some of them can be malignant (cancerous), others are benign cancerous or precancerous (which can develop into cancer). The main types of anal cancer include:
- Squamous cell carcinomaThis is the most common type of anal cancer. These are malignant anal tumors and are caused by abnormal squamous cells (the cells lining most of the anal canal).
- Basal cell carcinomaThis is a rare form of anal cancer. It usually affects the skin exposed to the sun.
- Bowen’s diseaseIt is also known as squamous cell carcinoma. It is characterized by the presence of abnormal cells on the surface of the anal tissue, which have not invaded the deeper layers.
- AdenocarcinomaThis is a rare form of cancer that develops from the glands around the anus.
What are the symptoms of anal cancer? (What are the symptoms of anal cancer in Hindi)
The various symptoms associated with anal cancer are:
- bleeding from the anal area or rectum
- a lump or mass in the anal canal
- change in bowel movements
- narrow stool
- anal discomfort
What are the causes of anal cancer? (What are the causes of anal cancer in Hindi)
Anal cancer forms when a genetic mutation changes normal, healthy cells into abnormal cells. Healthy cells grow at a set rate, eventually dying over a set period of time, but when they don’t die on their own and abnormally these cells grow and grow out of control, they become cancerous. .
The abnormal cells that accumulate form a mass (tumour). Cancer cells damage surrounding tissue and may even break away from the initial tumor to spread elsewhere in the body. Anal cancer is related to a sexually transmitted infection called human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is considered the most common cause of anal cancer.
How to diagnose anal cancer? (How to diagnose anal cancer in Hindi)
To detect anal cancer, the doctor may suggest any of the following, which are as follows:
- Physical Exam: The doctor will first examine the patient physically. The patient’s medical history and symptoms are noted.
- Digital rectal exam: The doctor inserts his lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to check for any abnormal growths.
- Anoscopy: The doctor may use a small, lighted tube called an endoscope to examine the anal canal and rectum.
- Ultrasound of the anal canal: A probe is inserted into the anal canal and rectum. This probe emits high-energy sound waves known as ultrasound waves to create images of the anal canal.
- Biopsy: The surgeon removes a sample of the tissue growth and sends it to a laboratory to check for the presence of cancer cells and the types of cancer cells present.
- Imaging Test: Tests like CT scan, MRI scan, PET scan help in making pictures of the internal organs of the body. It helps diagnose anal cancer and how far it has spread in the body.
What are the anal cancer treatment options? (What are the treatment options for anal cancer in Hindi)
The type of treatment given for anal cancer depends on the stage of the cancer, how far the cancer has spread, and the patient’s overall health.
There are different methods of treatment for anal cancer.
Combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy: This is the most common form of treatment for anal cancer.
chemotherapy
Some drugs are either taken orally as tablets or injected into a vein (intravenously) to kill cancer cells.
These drugs travel through the bloodstream to kill rapidly growing cancer cells. Unfortunately, they can also damage healthy cells.
radiation therapy
It is a process of using high-powered energy beams such as X-rays and protons to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy can damage healthy tissue near the area where the beam is aimed.
Radiation therapy for anal cancer is done for five to six weeks.
Chemotherapy is usually given in the first and fifth weeks.
Surgery: Depending on the stage of the cancer, the doctor uses a variety of surgical procedures to remove the anal cancer.
Surgery to remove anal cancer at an early stage. In such cases, if the rectal cancer is very small, the rectal cancer is removed along with a small amount of surrounding healthy tissue.
Doctors try to preserve the muscles of the anal sphincter (the muscles that control bowel movements) around the anal canal while removing the cancer.
Sometimes, doctors may recommend chemotherapy and radiation therapy after surgery. Surgery for anal cancer that does not respond to other forms of treatment. If anal cancer does not respond to chemotherapy or radiation therapy, the surgeon may recommend abdominoperineal resection surgery.
Immunotherapy: This process enhances the body’s immunity to fight cancer. This procedure is usually done in advanced cases of anal cancer.
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