Scientists still don’t know why the timing of exercise produces different effects. To gain a better understanding, an international team of scientists recently conducted the most comprehensive study to date on exercise performed at different times of the day.
The findings were recently published in the journal Cell Metabolism.
His research has shown how the body produces different health-promoting signaling molecules in an organ-specific way after exercise, depending on the time of day. These signals have a broad impact on health, influencing sleep, memory, exercise performance and metabolism homeostasis
“A better understanding of how exercise affects the body at different times of the day could help us maximize benefits of exercise for people at risk of diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes,” said Professor Juleen R. Zierath of the Karolinska Institutet and the Center for Basic Metabolic Research (CBMR) of the Novo Nordisk Foundation at the University of Copenhagen.
Almost all cells regulate their biological processes during a 24-hour period, also called the circadian rhythm. This means that the sensitivity of different tissues to Effects of exercise changes depending on time. at daytime. Previous research has confirmed that timing exercise according to our circadian rhythm can optimize the health-promoting effects of exercise.
The team of international scientists wanted a more detailed understanding of this effect, so they carried out a series of experiments on mice that exercised in the early morning or late afternoon. Samples of blood and different tissues, including brain, heart, muscle, liver and fat, were collected and analyzed by mass spectrometry.
This allowed the scientists to detect hundreds of different metabolites and hormone signaling molecules in each tissue, and to monitor how they changed when exercising at different times of the day.
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The result is an ‘Exercise Metabolism Atlas’: a comprehensive map of exercise-induced signaling molecules present in different tissues after exercise at different times of the day.
“As this is the first comprehensive study summarizing time-dependent metabolism and exercise in multiple tissues, it is of great value in generating and refining systemic models for organ metabolism and crosstalk,” added Dominik Lutter, Research Director. of computational discovery in Helmholtz Diabetes. Center in Munich, Germany.
New insights include a deeper understanding of how tissues communicate with each other and how exercise can help “realign” faulty circadian rhythms in specific tissues: faulty circadian clocks have been linked to increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes 2. Finally, the study identified new exercise-induced signaling molecules in multiple tissues, which need further investigation to understand how they may individually or collectively influence health.
“Not only do we show how different tissues respond to exercise at different times of the day, but we also propose how these responses are wired to induce an orchestrated adaptation that controls systemic energy homeostasis,” said CBMR Associate Professor Jonas Thue Treebak. in college. of Copenhagen, and co-first author of the publication.
The study has several limitations. The experiments were carried out on mice. While mice share many common genetic, physiological, and behavioral characteristics with humans, they also have important differences. For example, the mice are nocturnal and the type of exercise was also limited to treadmill running, which may produce different results compared to high-intensity exercise. Finally, the impact of gender, age and disease were not considered in the analysis.
“Despite the limitations, it is an important study that helps direct further research that may help us better understand how exercise, if timed correctly, can help improve health,” said assistant professor Shogo Sato of the Department of Biology. and the Center for Biological Sciences. Clocks Research at Texas A&M University, and co-author.
Co-author Kenneth Dyar, chief of metabolic physiology at the Helmholtz Diabetes Center, highlighted the usefulness of the Atlas as a comprehensive resource for exercise biologists.
“While our resource provides important new insights into known energy metabolites and signaling molecules, this is just the tip of the iceberg. We show a few examples of how our data can be mined to identify new tissues and specific signaling molecules in the time,” he concluded. .
This story has been published from a news agency source with no changes to the text. Only the headline has been changed.
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